Theorists
Classical Conditioning
Operant
Cognitive Models
Biological
100

Research whose main research interest was digestion in dogs (work that earned him a Nobel Prize)

Who is Ivan Pavlov

100

initially neutral stimulus that you learn to respond to

What is a conditioned stimulus?

100

outcome or consequence of a behavior that weakens the probability of the behavior

What is punishment?

100

learning by watching others; often models, those who are influential to us

What is observational learning?

100

the term describes that classical conditioning can lead us to develop avoidance reactions to food

What is taste aversion?

200

Developed a box that was a small animal chamber constructed to allow sustained periods of conditioning to be administered and behaviors to be recorded unsupervised via electrical records.

Who is Skinner?

200

automatic response to a nonneutral stimulus that does not need to be learned.

What is an unconditioned response

200

the addition of an outcome or a consequence of a behavior that strengthens the probability of the behavior, e.g., giving a child a Hershey’s kiss for picking up his toys

What is positive reinforcement?

200

the notion that our interpretation of a situation affects conditioning. It suggests that conditioning is more than an automatic process.

What is cognitive conditioning?

200

tendency for animals to return to innate behaviors following repeated reinforcement.

What is instinctive drift?

300

Two researchers that studied the affects of loud noises and a rat being paired with Little Albert

Who are John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner

300

response previously associated with a nonneutral stimulus that is elicited by a neutral stimulus through conditioning.

What is a conditioned response?

300

removal of a negative outcome or consequence of a behavior that strengthens the probability of the behavior (e.g., ending a child’s time-out for bad behavior once she’s stopped whining).

What is negative reinforcement?

300

cells in the prefrontal cortex that become activated by specific motions when an animal both performs and observes that action.

What are mirror neurons?

300

evolutionary predisposition to learn some pairings of feared stimuli over others owing to their survival value

What is preparedness?

400

Described the Law of Effect principle that asserts that if a stimulus followed by a behavior results in a reward, the stimulus is more likely to elicit the behavior in the future.

Who is Throndike?

400

the learning phase during which a conditioned response is gradually established.

What is acquisition?

400

The type of consequence by taking away homework

What is negative reinforcement?

400

learner experiences an “aha reaction” and doesn't seem to engage in trial and error

What is insight learning?
500

gradual reduction and eventual elimination of the conditioned response after the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus

What is extinction?

500

pattern of reinforcing a behavior

What is a schedule of reinforcement?

500

Psychology has moved from an S-R model to an S-O-R model of psychology, with O being this

What is the organism?

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