Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Biology in Conditioning/Learning by Observation
Experiments
100
What are the basic components of classical conditioning?

What is US, UR, CS, CR, NS?

100

Define operant conditioning.

What is, a type of learning in which a behavior becomes more likely to recur if followed by a reinforcer or less likely to recur if followed by a punisher?

100

Explain the two different types of motivation.

Intrinsic motivation-a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake

Extrinsic motivation-a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment

100

Explain Ivan Pavlov's experiment.

What is Pavlov presented a neutral stimulus (a tone) just before an unconditioned stimulus (food in mouth). The neutral stimulus then became a conditioned stimulus, producing a conditioned response.

200

Define classical conditioning.

What is a type of learning in which we link two or more stimuli; as a result, the first stimulus comes to elicit behavior in anticipation of the second stimulus?

200

Explain the law of effect.

What is behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely?

200

What is self-control in learning?

What is, the ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards?

200

Explain the Skinner Box/Operant Chamber experiment.

What is inside the box, the rat presses a bar for a food reward. Outside, measuring devices record the animal's accumulated response. Concept of reinforcement.

300
Explain higher-order or second-order conditioning.

What is a new NS can become a new CS without the presence of a US? All that's required is for it to become associated with a previously conditioned stimulus.

300
What are the two different types of reinforcements and explain them?

Positive reinforcement- any stimulus that when presented after a response strengthens the response.

Negative reinforcement- any stimulus when removed after a response strengthens the response.

Note: Negative reinforcement is not punishment.....

300

What two ways do people learn to cope with personal problems?

What is problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping?

300

Explain the results of the rats in a maze experiment regarding latent learning.

What is, rats in one group repeatedly explored a maze, always with a food reward at the end. Rats in another group explored the maze with no food reward. Once given the food reward at the end, rats in the second group ran the maze as fast and faster than the first. 

Latent learning- Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.

400

Define learning.

What is the process of acquiring through experience new and relatively enduring information or behaviors?

400

What are the four different reinforcement schedules?

What is fixed-ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, variable interval schedule?

400

What kinds of things do we learn from modeling?

Language, etc.

400

Explain the famous Bobo Doll Experiment.

What is it is what it is?

500

What are three examples of how Pavlov's principles can influence human health and well-being?

What is drug cravings, food cravings, and immune responses?

500
How does punishment differ from negative reinforcement?

Reinforcement increases a behavior, punishment does the opposite.

Punishment decreases the frequency of a preceding behavior.

500

What is modeling?

What is the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior?

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