Breastfeeding Basics
What is the recommended duration for exclusive breastfeeding?
First 6 months of life.
How should powdered infant formula be prepared?
Mix with water according to instructions and serve immediately.
What vitamin is recommended for all breastfed infants?
Vitamin D
What might cause a newborn to refuse the breast?
Improper latch, illness, or nipple confusion.
When can solids be introduced?
Around 6 months
What hormone stimulates milk ejection during breastfeeding?
Oxytocin.
Why should formula bottles not be microwaved?
Uneven heating can burn the baby's mouth.
Why is iron supplementation important after 4–6 months?
Stores from birth begin to deplete.
What is nipple confusion?
Difficulty switching between bottle and breast.
What food should be introduced first?
Iron-fortified cereal or puréed vegetables.
What is colostrum?
The first milk rich in antibodies and nutrients.
How can caregivers prevent air ingestion in bottle feeding?
Tilt the bottle so the nipple is always full.
When is fluoride supplementation considered?
After 6 months if water lacks fluoride.
What is the management for engorgement?
Frequent feeding, cold compresses, and gentle massage.
Why avoid honey in infants under 1 year?
Risk of botulism.
How often should newborns breastfeed?
8–12 times per 24 hours.
What is the main protein source in most formulas?
Cow’s milk protein.
What is the purpose of giving vitamin K at birth?
Prevents bleeding disorders.
What can cause poor weight gain in a newborn?
Inadequate intake or latch issues.
What is the appropriate beverage after 1 year?
Whole milk.
What is a sign of effective breastfeeding?
Audible swallowing and satisfied baby after feeding.
When should iron-fortified formula be used?
From birth unless breastfeeding exclusively.
Why might preterm infants need more supplements?
They have lower nutrient stores.
Why might a baby spit up after feeding?
Immature lower esophageal sphincter.
What is baby-led weaning?
Self-feeding with soft, age-appropriate foods.