SS: Nervous + Glycobiology
Bielschowsky-PAS is used to identify
What is neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques?
Membrane blebs, ribosomal detachment, and cellular swelling are associated with what type of cellular injury
What is Reversible cellular injury?
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
What is calor, rubor, tumour and dolor?
Can you define oncogene and pro-oncogene?
What is
Pro-oncogene: normal genes that regulate cell growth, differential and survival?
Oncogene: are altered version of normal genes?
The primary factors that play a role in thrombus formation aka Virchow's Triad.
What is Endothelial injury, hypercoagulability and abnormal blood flow?
I can stain glycogen magenta/rose pink.
What is PAS stain?
BRAIN autopsy findings: Increase in sulci + decrease in gyri is associated with:
What is Brain Atrophy?
The classical macrophage pathway is activated by:
What is microbes + IFN-Y ?
These statements are associated with:
Lesion resembles normal tissue; Gros by expansion of capsule.
Lesion never has metastasis; Grows slowly
What is Benign?
Alternate layers of light-staining aggregates of platelets admixed with fibrin meshwork & dark-staining layers of red blood cells
What is lines of Zahn?
The best staining technique to identify amyloid deposits in tissue.
What is Congo Red?
All these are associated with:
Cell increases in size due to swelling.
The cellular contents may leak out of the cells. Inflammation around the cell is usually present.
What is Necrosis?
Why would healing occur by fibrosis instead of tissue regeneration?
What is permanent tissue dies (ECM) or stem cells are lost?
If you suspect hepatocellular carcinoma in a patient. This tumour marker can be used to help in screening.
What is Alpha-fetoprotein?
Fate of a thrombus - state them
What is Propagate, becomes an emboli, resolve, organised and recanalized?
How do you test the quality of the Schiff reagent?
What is a few drops of schiff reagent in 10mL of 40% formaldehyde?
What type of necrosis is associated with diabetic foot?
What is gangrenous necrosis?
If a transition occurs from acute to chronic inflammation, what cell types would you notice microscopically?
What is
Acute: neutrophils
Chronic: lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts
A malignant tumour of smooth muscle cells
What is Leiomyosarcoma?
These are characteristics of what type of infarct?
Occur with arterial occlusions; Example of organ affect: spleen
What is White infarct?
The purpose of gold chloride and oxalic in Bodian's method?
Gold chloride: What is to tone tissue sections?
Oxalic acid: What is to reduce gold + intensify the stain reaction by increasing the deposition of metallic gold on tissue?
Define metaplasia and give one example.
What is reversible adaptive change in which one type of mature differentiated cell is replaced by another type of mature differentiated cell?
Differentiate between transudative and exudative fluids
What is:
Transudate: Low protein, LDH. Normal glucose, few cells. low specific gravity
Exudate: High protein, LDH. Low glucose. Many cells
Microscopically, you are seeing a tissue section from an ovarian tumour that has normal adipocytes, cartilage, thyroid tissue and intestinal glands.
What is mature teratoma?
What are heart failure cells and how do they appear on H+E stained sections?
What is hemosiderin-laden macrophages form due to phagocytosis of RBCs and breakdown - hemosiderin (iron) inside of macrophages.
Stains brownish due to the hemosiderin pigment.