Immunology
VDRL and RPR are examples of which of the following types of test methodologies?
Flocculation: flocculation tests are antigen-antibody tests in which the final product is a precipitin whose visible clumps can be seen either microscopically (VDRL) or macroscopically (RPR).
Convert 2.5mL to uL.
2500uL
*All of the following are types of epithelial cells that line the genitourinary system EXCEPT?*
A - Squamous
B - Cuboidal cells (RTE)
C - Transitional
D - Flattened cells
*Which test is performed to assess the average plasma glucose level that an individual maintained during the previous 10 to 12 weeks?*
A - Plasma glucose
B - 2-hr postprandial glucose
C - Oral glucose tolerance
D - Glycosylated hemoglobin
The buffy coat includes which of the following constituents of the blood?
White Blood cells and platelets
*The antigen marker most closely associated with transmission of HBV infections is? *
A - HBsAg
B - HBeAg
C - HBcAg
D - HBiAg
The Sudan III stain is used to confirm the presence of?
A - Oval fat bodies
B - Bacteria
C - Fibers
D - Mucus
Identify the crystal indicated by the arrow in this alkaline urine.
Answer: Ammonium biurate crystal
Appear as yellow to brown spherical bodies with long irregular spicules, known as "thorn apples." Occasionally identified in alkaline urine of healthy patients but can also be associated with specimens that are old or not stored properly.
*Which type of lipoprotein transports the MAJORITY of cholesterol to cells for steroid hormone synthesis or cell membrane incorporation? *
A - Chylomicrons
B - Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)
C - Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
D - High-density lipoproteins (HDL)
*The presence of an increased number of hypersegmented neutrophils in the peripheral blood is an indication of which of the following conditions? *
A - Preleukemia
B - Megaloblastic anemia
C - Aplastic anemia
D - Myeloproliferative disorder
*Which of the following tests is used to confirm a syphilis infection after another method tests positive for syphilis? *
A: Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test
B: Veneral Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test
C: Dark-field examination
D: T. pallidum particle agglutination (TP-PA) test
*The term that identifies how close a set of results are to each other when running a quality control validation or similar study is called?*
A - Accuracy
B - Reliability
C - Precision
D - Both accuracy and precision
What term is used to describe the color in these tubes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
Answer: Xanthochromia
Xanthochromia is an abnormal color, usually yellow. It may indicate subarachnoid hemorrhage has occurred.
*What additional fraction would be seen if plasma rather than serum was subjected to electrophoresis? *
A - Fibrinogen
B - Gamma globulins
C - Alpha-1 antitrypsin
D - Alpha-2 macroglobulin
Identify this WBC.
Lymphocyte
*Which of the following blood smear observations would support the diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma if a patient demonstrated plasma cells in his bone marrow and had an elevated serum IgG? *
A - Anisocytosis
B - Target cells
C - Microcytic RBC's
D - Rouleaux formation
List the development stages of a neutrophil.
Myeloblast
Promyelocyte
Myelocyte
Metamyelocyte
Band
Segmented Neutrophil
*Urinalysis results of a female patient completed within two hours of collection. The slight turbidity observed correlates most likely with which of the following results? *
A - Bacteria, and the WBCs
B - pH
C - Specific gravity
D - Glucose
*The Jaffe reaction uses alkaline picrate to measure what?*
A: Ammonia
B: Creatinine
C: Urea
D: Uric Acid
Identify this WBC.
Promyelocyte
What type of B cells are formed after antigen stimulation?
Plasma cells and memory B cells.
In HgB S, sickling of the red blood cells occur under conditions of reduced oxygen. What is the amino acid substitution in the beta chain?
Substitution of valine for glutamic acid at the 6th position of the normal beta chain.
*Myoglobinuria is MOST likely to be noted in urine specimens from patients with which of the following disorders?*
A - Hemolytic anemia
B - Massive muscle trauma
C - Lower urinary tract infections
D - Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Calculate the Anion Gap of a patient with the following test results:
Na+ = 140 mEq/L CL- = 100 mEq/L
K+ = 4 mEq/L HCO3- = 24 mEq/L
Anion Gap = (Na+ + K+) - (Cl- + HCO3-)
= (140 + 4) - (100 + 24) = 20 mEq/L
(Normal range typically between 8-12 mEq/L without potassium and 12-16 mEq/L with potassium)
*Remnants of erythrocyte nuclei, nuclear fragments, or aggregates of chromosomes are called?*
A: Heinz bodies
B: Howell-Jolly bodies
C: Basophilic stippling
D: Pappenheimer bodies