chemistry of life
the sharing of unpaired valence electrons where the electrons are shared equally
what is a nonpolar covalent bond
amino acids join/polymerize together by peptide bonds (linear sequence)
what is primary structure
what is a fatty acid
transmembrane domains inserted through the membrane that contain hydrophobic amino acids
What are integral membrane proteins
the sharing of unpaired valence electrons where one atom is more electronegative than the other atom
what is a polar covalent bond
polypeptide chain has directionality referred to in the direction it is synthesized in
what is N -> C
What is... fatty acid linked to a glycerol backbone
_________ are organized as bilayers in membranes
what are phospholipids
Location of peripheral membrane proteins
what is the surface (exterior/interior) of the membrane
complete transfer of electrons (full charge)
what is an ionic bond
protein structure characterized regions of a polypeptide chain that fold into intrastrand hydrogen bonds
What is secondary structure alpha-helix
a family of lipids with a bulky, 4-ring structure that is amphipathic in nature
what is a steroid
How are phospholipid bilayers organized?
What is equal proportions
substances with partial charges or full charges are ___________. They are "water ________".
what is hydrophilic, "water loving"
1. H (hydrogen atom)
2. NH2 (an amino functional group)
3. COOH (a carboxyl functional group)
4. R group (side chain)
phospholipids consist of
Characteristic of membranes that make them semi-permeable
What is semifluid (fluidity) = phospholipids are in constant lateral motion in bilayers
For a protein to be an integral membrane protein, it would have to be... (hint: think hydrophobic/hydrophilic/amphipathic)
What is amphipathic with at least one hydrophobic region
a substance that acquires protons during chemical reactions and lowers hydronium ion concentration
weak electrical interactions that increase stability (also help hold phospholipid membranes together)
What are Van der Waals interactions
phospholipids are amphipathic consisting of what two regions
what is a hydrophilic "head region" and a hydrophobic "tail region"
What is cholesterol
Lipid bilayers are _______ _______... (controls the rate of transport)
What is selectively permeable