Etiology/ Pathophysiology
Fibrosis of the liver, following association with congestive heart failure
What is cardiac cirrhosis
Potential hepatotoxic over-the-counter drug to avoid when the liver is inflamed
What is acetaminophen?
Increased levels of bilirubin that occur with an increase in the breakdown of RBC
What is Jaundice?
Medicines, such as spironolactone and furosemide, to help get rid of fluid that has built up in the belly and other parts of the body.
What is diuretic?
Which electrolyte should be limited for a patient with liver cirrhosis
What is sodium
The sugar stored in the liver
What is glycogen
What lab tests are based on the release of enzymes from damaged liver cells?
What is AST/ALT
Increase in abdominal girth due to impaired liver synthesis of protein and decreased colloid osmotic pressure.
What is ascites?
Procedure in which a needle is inserted through the abdominal wall to remove fluid from the abdominal cavity.
What is paracentesis?
Warn the patient against taking NSAID's to decrease the risk of
What is bleeding
Protein that is made and processed by the liver
What is albumin
This level will rise in liver failure resulting in Hepatic encephalopathy
What is ammonia?
Collateral circulation develops as the body attempts to reduce the increased portal pressure displayed as veins visible around the umbilicus.
What is Caput Medusa?
These techniques may be used to treat and prevent variceal bleeding in the esophagus.
What is Endoscopic variceal banding or sclerotherapy.
When it comes to patient teaching about activities the nurse should instruct the patient to
What is increase amount of rest periods
Would perform this procedure for a patient with cirrhosis when shortness of air is present, pain, and/or test peritoneal fluid for bacteria.
What is Paracentesis?
Asterixis and apraxia will help with the diagnosis of this complication.
What is hepatic encephalopathy?
Leads to leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly, and esophageal varices.
What is portal hypertension?
Medicine that help prevent the buildup of ammonia and other natural toxins in the large intestine.
What is Lactulose
What foods have vitamins A, D, E, and K that benefit the patient with cirrhosis
What is carrots, pumpkin, winter squash, apricots, green leafy vegetables, wheat germ, nuts, egg yolk, and liver/beef
Problem is increased by Constipation, infection, hypovolemia, hypokalemia, GI bleeding, opioid medications
What is hepatic encephalopathy
Requires Informed consent post-procedure position on the right side for 2 hours to apply pressure and decrease the risk of hemorrhage.
What is liver biopsy?
This results in decreased colloid osmotic pressure, which moves fluid into the abdominal cavity and interstitial space.
What is hypoalbuminemia?
This procedure can divert fluid from the abdominal cavity and may be used to treat ascites that does not respond to other forms of treatment.
What is transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)
Portal systemic encephalopathy may require the restriction of this in the client's diet
What is protein