Definitions
Acts of the Mind
Fill ins/Multiple Choice
Class-Inclusion
Short Answer
150

Inductive logic

Part to whole. Probability. Informal. Specific to general. Dialectic logic. Between two people.
150

what are the three acts of the mind?

simple apprehension

Judgements

Inferences

150

This philosopher applied logic to categories that do not exist

  1. Thomas Aquinas 

  2. George Boole

  3. William of Ockham

  4. John Stuart Mill

George Boole

150

what is class inclusion

It is where one category is included in another

150

Explain the difference between formal and informal arguments:  

  • Formal arguments look at the form and are structural. They are arguments with oneself. 

  • Informal arguments look at the weight of the evidence. They are dialectical in nature. 

200

Deductive Logic

Whole to part. General to specific. Logic with ones 'self. Absolute certainty. Formal logic.

200

Give an example of judgements

answer may vary

200

This philosopher focused on cause-and-effect relationships in logic:

  1. Francis Bacon

  2. George Boole

  3. William of Ockham

  4. John Stuart Mill

John Stuart Mill

200

Draw on paper the class inclusion of All dogs are animals

Answers may vary

200

Explain why deductive arguments are referred to as valid or invalid, whereas inductive arguments are referred to as strong or weak.

  • Deductive logic checks if an argument is structured correctly, so it is valid or invalid. 

  • Inductive logic focuses on the strength of the evidence. It uses probability s it is either strong or weak.

300

Evidence

Facts used to support conclusion

300

What are the three categorical building blocks

terms, propositions, and arguments

300
  1. Philos means:

    1. Lover

    2. wisdom/truth

    3. Philosophy

    4. File 

Lover

300

If you have the proposition of: 

All humans have legs

WHAT WOULD BE IN THE BIG CIRCLE AND WHAT WOULD BE IN THE SMALLER CIRCLE?

Things with legs would be in the big circle, humans would be in the small circle

300

Explain the differences between logical argument and an explanation.

  • An argument makes a case for or against something/includes persuasion. 

  • An explanation offers a reason or tries to help someone understand something

450

Syllogism

deductive argument made up of 3 sentences. 2 premises, 1 conclusion

450

match the building blocks of categorical logic with the 3 acts of the mind:

Simple apprehension-->terms

Judgement-->propositions

Inferences-->arguments

450

Who enjoyed studying propositions that did not fit Aristotle’s system of Logic? 

Stoics

450

Please draw a diagram showing the class inclusion of 

  1. Sam is a man

  2. All cats have whiskers

  3. All felines are animals

Sam is on the inside. All men is on the outside

Cats is on the inside. Whiskers on outside. 

Felines on inside. Animals on outside.

450

Why did philosophers prefer deductive logic over inductive logic? 

  • They preferred deductive because philosophers are lovers of truth. As lovers of truth they want their logic t be based on truth and certainty.

500

Inductive Inference

Making a general conclusion based off observations

500

Please extrapolate the three acts of the mind from this example: 

  1. You are walking into a pet store and see an animal named Teddy. Teddy is a cockapoo. You know Cockapoos are a breed of dog, so you conclude that Teddy is a dog. Identify the simple apprehension, judgements, and the inference:



Apprehension: Teddy, Dog, Cockapoo

Judgement: teddy is a cockapoo; Cockapoos are dogs

Inference: Teddy is a dog

500

Inductive reasoning tends to start with _______ that we can observe and compile. It often works toward ______________ that are reasonably accurate with more or less ___________. This means that inductive reasoning does not lend itself to absolute ____________.

EVIDENCE; GENERALIZATIONS; PROBABILITY; CERTAINTY

500

try to create a class inclusion with 3 circles for: 

All dogs are animals. 

Oscar is a dog. 

So, Oscar is an animal.

Big circle--> animals

middle circle-->dogs

Smallest circle-->Oscar

500

Explain how people use the three acts of the mind when they make arguments (with an example):

Answers may vary: 

  1. They use simple apprehension to categorize things

  2. They use Judgement when relating two categories to one another

  3. They use inferences when making conclusions based on judgements

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