Corals
Coral Bleaching is the loss of the symbiotic algae and may cause death of animal.
Corals are home to more than ______ of marine life.
25%
What are two ways Marine Protected Areas can help manage reefs?
Manage overfishing
Control threats such as sedimentation and pollution, helping to support coral health.
What is the difference between a change in weather and climate change?
weather is day to day state of atmosphere (minutes to weeks)
climate change any significant change in the measure of climate lasting for an extended period of time (major changes in temp, precipitation, wind, currents, etc.)
What is the max depth for most corals due to the light level?
What is the temperature requirement for corals to survive?
77-88 degrees Fahrenheit
What is the name of the algae that has a symbiotic relationship with corals?
zooxanthellae
List 5 important key actions that are key to local coral reef management.
Temporary Closures
Managing Recreational Use of Reefs
Managing Risks from invasive species
Control of Coral Predators
Reducing Land-based Impacts
Who was the first scientist to acknowledge the impact of carbon dioxide on climate patterns? What century
Current emissions will make us achieve ______ppm by _________.
550
2035
What is the salinity requirement for corals to survive?
34-36 parts per thousand
Why is biodiversity important?
A highly biodiverse ecosystem, is often more resilent to changing conditions and can better withstand significant disturbances.
Benefits that humans receive from natural environments—are often greater in highly diverse places.
Coral reefs, thanks to their diversity, provide millions of people with food, medicine, protection from storms, and revenue from fishing and tourism
List 4 strategies that coral reef managers may use to reduce land based impacts.
Erosion/Sediment Reduction
Sewage and Storm Water Management
Reducing Chemical Inputs from Agriculture
Community Engagement
What did scientists believe in the first half of the 20th century about CO2 levels and human related emissions?
In the first half of the 20th century scientists believed that oceans maintained CO2 levels by absorbing most human-related emissions
List 5 of the effects of Climate Change.
Ice Melting
Sea Level Rise
Extreme Weather
Ocean Acidification
Desertificaiton
Biodiversity Loss
List 5 potential climate change impacts on coral communities.
Changes in water temperature
Increases in CO2 concentration
Sea level rises leading to drowning of reefs
Changes in surface run-off (sedimentation)
Changes in land-use patterns leading to increased reef exploitation
What are 4 known triggers of coral bleaching?
Temperature (especially increases)
Solar radiation (especially UV)
Reduced salinity
Infections
List 5 of the main objectives of the ecosystem-based approach to fishery management (EAFM).
Sustainable Harvest of Fish
Reducing By-catch
Protecting Spawning and Critical Areas
Marine Protected Areas
Herbivore Protection
Would it better if we didn’t have the greenhouse effect at all? Explain why or why not.
The greenhouse effect maintains Earth’s temperature at around 33 degrees Celsius warmer than it would be otherwise, allowing life on Earth to exist.
What is the name of the tissue that connects colonial coral polyps and contains structures that allows corals to share nutrients?
Coenosarc
Why do coral polyps make the limestone cups?
Coral polyps make their own limestone cup to hide from predators during the day.
List the benefits both algae and coral receive from their symbiotic relationship?
Zooxanthellae make oxygen, remove the polyp’s wastes, and make food for the polyp from photosynthesis.
Coral polyps protect the zooxanthellae, release CO2, and provide it with necessary nutrients from their own waste.
Your group created management plan for your assigned coral reef. Give at least 3 management strategies for your coral reef and give an explanation for why each strategy was chosen.
Depends on your reef but it could be:
Marine Protected areas
Coral restoration
educate locals about their affect on corals, etc..
List 3 main human activities that enhance the greenhouse effect.
Fossil fuels burned to produce energy.
The increase in methane and nitrous oxide linked to agriculture.
Deforestation also contributes to the increase in CO2 because when burned they release carbon and forests absorb and retain CO2.
What are the functions of the basal plate?
Anchors coral to substrate
Area where hard corals secrete calcium carbonate.