Earth & Space Systems
What do rock layers tell us about Earth’s history?
The relative age of rocks and past events (older layers are below younger ones).
What structure controls the cell?
Nucleus.
What is the smallest unit of matter?
Atom.
What is the first step in solving a problem?
Identify the problem.
What type of energy is stored energy?
Potential energy.
What is a fossil?
Preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms.
What do genes carry?
Instructions for traits.
What is density?
Mass divided by volume.
Why do scientists collect data?
To support claims with evidence.
What happens when biodiversity increases?
Ecosystems become more stable.
How do ocean currents affect climate?
They move heat around Earth, warming or cooling regions.
How are bacteria different from viruses?
Bacteria are living cells; viruses are not and need a host.
What happens in a chemical reaction?
Substances change to form new substances.
What is human impact on Earth?
Changes humans make, like building dams or pollution.
What causes climate zones?
A: Latitude and uneven heating of Earth.
Latitude and uneven heating of Earth.
What type of weathering involves wind and water wearing away rock?
Erosion.
What is an ecosystem?
A community of organisms and their environment.
What are particles in solids like?
Tightly packed and vibrating in place.
Why are dams built?
To control water, generate energy, or prevent flooding.
A student walks 12 meters east in 4 seconds, then 6 meters west in 2 seconds. What is the student’s average velocity for the whole trip?
1 m/s east
Why are deeper rock layers usually older?
They were deposited earlier over time.
What is evidence for evolution?
Fossils, DNA similarities, and homologous structures.
What is force?
A push or pull.
What makes a strong scientific argument?
Claim, evidence, and reasoning (CER).
A 20 kg cart accelerates at 3 m/s². A friction force of 15 N acts against the motion. What applied force is needed to make the cart accelerate at 3 m/s²?
75 N forward