Building Strength
Name the 3 main stages of prenatal growth
ovum
embryonic
fetal
the formation of bones is termed
osteology
Types of muscle
skeletal - voluntary and striated
cardiac - involuntary and striated
smooth - involuntary and non-striated
Axon potential that is produced by a nerve impulse by the brain travels to the membrane surrounding fibers termed
sarcolemma
What is the portion of the sarcomere made up of only thick filament termed
H zone
Describe the stages of prenatal growth
ovum - period of hyperplasia (increased number of cells) beginning at fertilization
embryonic - time of rapid cell division (determination and differentiation)
fetal - time of hypertrophy (increase size of cells) final 75% of gestation
two formation types of bones
endochrondral - requires cartilage
intramembranous - does not require cartilage (skull and pelvis)
The structural hierarchy of the muscle
whole muscle
fascicle
muscle fibers
myofibrils
Acetylcholine
During gestation, which system is the first to develop?
the central nervous system
Name and Describe the 3 Germ Layers
Endoderm - inner later (repro, gastro tracts)
Mesoderm - middle layer, last to develop, and develops into muscle and skeleton system
Ectoderm - outer layer. develops into epithelium
The functions of bones
structure
movement
storage of mineral
red blood cell production
Myofibrils are made up of the basic contractile units termed
sarcomeres
DAILY DOUBLE
This stores and ensures rapid delivery of Ca to the muscle
sarcoplasmic reticulum
List and describe the four fat deposits
intramuscular - within muscle (marbling)
intermuscular - between muscles (seam)
internal - Kidney, heart, pelvis
Define a somite and the three types
block like paired masses of the mesoderm
scelrotome - bone and skeletal tissue
myotome - skeletal muscle
dermatome - epithelial tissue
DAILY DOUBLE
Classification of bones
long, short, flat, sesamoid, pneumatic, irregular
Actin - thin filaments (20%)
Myosin - thick filaments (80%) head and tail structure
Ca binds to the Troponin C protein on actin causing a shift in Tropomysoin, exposing myosin binging sight.
Why is meat important?
conversion of animals to food
largest of all food industries
early indicator of economic improvement
nutritionally important
Name the four primary tissues
epithelial tissue
muscle tissue
connective tissue
nervous tissue
types of bones and parts of bones
compact/dense/cortical
cancellous/spongy
epiphysis - either end of long bone
diaphysis - shaft
epiphyseal plate - area of growth
epimysium - surrounds entire muscle
perimysium - surrounds fascicles
endomysium - surrounds muscle fibers
Mg activates the hydrolization of ATP into ADP + Free P creating energy.
The myosin head swivels and binds to actin binding sight then releases P to cause a power stroke.
The ADP is released and ATP rebinds to myosin head to release myosin from actin.
Cargill
Sysco
JBS
Tyson
Hormel