Growth and Nutrition
This is the enzyme that turns H2O2 into H2O AND O2
What is catalase?
These operons will be turned with aerobic respiration using lactose
What are the lacZYA and cytABCD operons?
These enzymes will digest the L1 cuticle and tell them to mature
What are chymotrypsin and trypsin?
This is the infectious dose of V. cholerae
What is 103-108?
What is Shigella dysenteriae?
This occurs after every binary fission for some microbes
What is the release of quora? (by Vibrio spp. for example)
These specific ETC complexes will pump a proton into the intermembrane space when receiving an electron
What is ETC I, ETC III, ETC IV, and narGHI?
These are the things we want to look for if we suspect Trichinella infection
What is
Increased CPK (muscle damage)
Increased eosinophils (helminth presence)
Bilateral periorbital edema
This is the site of infection for V. cholerae
What is the duodenal enterocyte apical surface?
This is the site of infection for Shigella
What is
The ileal M cells, macrophages, enterocyte apical and basal surfaces, and cytosols
This is the cause of teeth cavities
What is the acid waste products due to dental decay-causing microbes living in biofilms on the teeth?
This is the total ATP output/glc for anaerobic respiration (for bacteria) using lactose
What is 26 ATP?
These are the four main locations (in order) that Trichinella will enter before entering the bloodstream
What are:
Stomach (from ingestion)
Small intestine
Duodenal enterocytes
GI lumen
These are the two things that regulate the ctx operon
What are:
Bile in the duodenum
Quorum sensing
This is how Shigella enter the basal side of the ileal enterocytes
What is
They invade an M cell, activating a macrophage
The macrophage phagocytoses them, but Shigella escapes and divides
Macrophage is killed, releasing Shigella
This type of agar can select for gram negative bacteria AND sorbitol fermentation
What is MacConkey agar?
These are possible TEAs for anaerobic respiration
What are NO3-, SO4, CO32-, etc...
These are the 3 main steps of muscle de-differentiation after an NBL enters the muscle
What are:
Enlarging of infected and nearby nuclei
Loss of striations
Mitochondrial dysfunction
This causes the diarrhea associated with cholera
What is phosphorylation of CFTR by hyperactive PKA causing mass efflux of ions and water from cells
This is how Shigella moves through ileal enterocytes
What is:
Shigella invade an enterocyte
They ride actin filaments to the tight junction
They enter another enterocyte via lateral endocytosis
This is the advantage to doing binary fission for bacteria
What is to increase surface area?
These steps of butyric acid fermentation will yield ATP
What are glycolysis and butyric acid synthesis?
These are the 4 main steps of re-differentiation to form a nurse cell
What are:
Secretion of VEGF
Adding tyvelose
Adding collagen IV and VI
Creating circulatory rete
These are the two functions of TcpP on V. cholerae
What are:
Target for bacteriophage
Forming biofilms on enterocytes
This is how Shigella is able to avoid being engulfed by enterocyte phagosomes
What is:
They use T3SS to bind to CD44 and Integrin
They float on lipid rafts, hiding from phagosomes