Crusades
This order of knights was originally founded to protect pilgrims going to Jerusalem.
Templars
He said, "I believe that I may understand."
Anselm of Canterbury
During the Hundred Years' War, knights strove after this ideal.
Chivalry
This early renaissance thinker climbed a mountain and reflected on the value of the soul.
Petrarch
In the 1300s, the King of France influenced the Pope to move from Rome to this location.
Avignon
Jerusalem was taken by this skilled and devout military leader, sparking the third crusade.
Saladin
This is the way that Anselm describes God in his Ontological argument.
That which nothing greater can be thought
This weapon granted the English success in the early battles of the Hundred Years' War.
the longbow
This invention revolutionized literacy and the ease with which information could be distributed.
the printing press
Joan of Arc was inspired by these to rally the troops and take France back from England.
Visions/voices from God
This key city was captured by the crusaders during the First Crusade.
Jerusalem
Aquinas said that we can get some knowledge of God through natural reason, but we can only really know about the God of Christianity through this.
Faith/Revelation
When he was still just a teenager, Richard II had to deal with this national crisis.
the Peasant Revolt
This family from Florence, Italy were influential bankers, politicians, and commissioners of art.
the Medicis
This medieval mystic emphasized Jesus' love and our participation in his suffering. She said, "Sin is behovable, but all shall be well... and all manner of thing shall be well."
Julian of Norwich
The Fourth Crusade got derailed when the Crusaders attacked this city rather than going to the Holy Land.
Constantinople
Aquinas sought to synthesize Christianity with the ideas of this recently rediscovered ancient thinker.
Aristotle
Henry Bolingbroke (who became Henry IV) deposed Richard II for this reason.
Richard was unpopular. AND/OR Richard was a bad king.
In "The Prince," Machiavelli says that princes ought to act this way, rather than idealistically.
realistically/pragmatically
During the Black Death, some people traveled around doing this because they wanted to avert further punishment from God.
self-flagellation
Pope Urban offered this reward to knights who died while on crusade.
going straight to heaven
Scholastics relied on these sources as an authority, in the same way that we think of science as authoritative today.
Old Books
Henry V won an important victory over the French at this location.
Agincourt
Portraying the human form realistically was the main focus of many renaissance artists because of this ideological movement.
Humanism
Martin Luther's 95 theses were a response to this practice of the medieval church.
Selling indulgences