Basics
_____ is learning that persists over time.
Memory
Identifying items previously learned.
Recognition
Give an example of information that is automatically processed.
*The place of a picture on a page. *Route to school. *What you had for breakfast/lunch/dinner. *Seeing a cat in the cafeteria during lunch break., etc.
Information is _____ in a single, specific spot.
not stored
Activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory.
Priming
The processing of information into the memory system.
Encoding
Retrieving information that is not currently in your conscious awareness but was learned at an earlier time.
Recall
Give an example of information that requires effort and attention when processing.
*Definitions of words in your textbook. *Your friend's new number. *The name of your classmate you always pass in the hallway., etc.
What are Iconic Memory and Echoic Memory?
Sensory memory; Vision and sensory memory;Hearing
Best retrieval cues in retrieving memories come from _____ made at the time the memories are encoded.
associations
The process of retaining encoded information over time.
Storage
A fill-in-the-blank question tests your _____ and a multiple choice question tests your _____.
recall ; recognition
Name a strategy you can use for effortful processing and an example how.
Chunking - organize items into familiar, manageable units.
Mnemonics - techniques using vivid imagery and organizational devices.
Hierarchies - organizing items into a few broad categories that are divided and subdivided into narrower concepts and facts.
Facts and information
_____ interference occurs when older memory makes it more difficult to remember new information. _____ interference occurs when new learning disrupts memory for older information.
Proactive ; Retroactive
The process of getting information out of memory storage.
Retrieval
_____ memory is facts and experiences, while _____ memory is skills or classically conditioned associations.
explicit ; implicit
The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system. First stage in forming explicit memory.
Sensory memory
Give an example of an implicit memory
A skill or feeling
_____ effect occurs when a memory has been corrupted by misleading information. _____ effect occurs when repeatedly imagining fake actions and events can create false memories.
Misinformation ; Imagination
Name all 3 steps of the Information Processing Model
Encode, Store, Retrieve
Recognition, Recall, Relearning
Write one example of each:
Mnemonic Device
Chunking
ROYGBIV and a phone number
The Central Executive is
The brain's way of organizing memories and information
Name four things you can do to improve your memory.
*Rehearse repeatedly. *Make the material meaningful. *Activate retrieval cues. *Use mnemonic devices. *Minimize interference. *Sleep more. *Test your own knowledge, both to rehearse it and to find out what you do not yet know.