Memory Basics
These are the three basic processes of memory.
What are encoding, storage, and retrieval?
This type of memory only holds information for fraction of a second.
What is sensory memory?
The memory system that stores information for long periods — possibly indefinitely.
What is long-term memory (LTM)?
When a person repeats information to keep it in short-term memory.
What is maintenance rehearsal?
This is the term for memory loss over time.
_______ is transforming information into a form the brain can store, while _______ is accessing stored information.
What are encoding and retrieval?
What is 7? (can be plus or minus 2)
These are the two main types of long-term memory.
What are explicit (declarative) and implicit (nondeclarative) memory?
This is the failure to process information into memory.
The inability to recall past events due to brain trauma, especially from before an injury.
What is retrograde amnesia?
The mental system for receiving, encoding, storing, and retrieving information.
What is memory?
When a person groups information into larger units to increase STM capacity.
What is chunking?
This is the process of moving information from short-term memory into long-term memory.
What is encoding?
______ requires retrieving without cues, while ______ involves identifying info from choices.
What is recall versus recognition?
This is when newly learned information interferes with the recall of previously learned material.
What is retroactive interference?
This model compares the brain to a computer’s flow of information.
What is the Information-Processing Model?
This is the part of working memory that stores and manipulates visual and spatial information.
What is the visuospatial sketchpad?
This brain structure is critical for the formation of new long-term declarative memories.
What is the hippocampus?
These are the two parts of the serial position effect.
What are the primacy effect and recency effect?
This leading memory researcher demonstrated how easily false memories could be implanted, particularly in eyewitness testimony.
Who is Dr. Elizabeth Loftus?
This phenomenon happens when you can't quite recall a word but feel that you know it.
What is the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?
This component of Baddeley’s model stores verbal and auditory information.
What is the phonological loop?
This psychological effect makes it easier to remember the beginning and end of a list, but not the middle.
What is the serial position effect?
This is the unintentional reactivation of an old memory triggered by a smell, sound, or sight.
What is a retrieval cue?
This term describes the rapid initial loss of information if it’s not rehearsed or encoded properly.
What is the forgetting curve?