Types of Depression Conditions
Another term for persistent depressive disorder is?
dysthymia
An acute but time limited period of intense and unusual elation is called:_________
manic episode
Which disorder has a stronger genetic inheritance, depressive disorder or bipolar disorder?
Bipolar disorders
ACcording to psychodynamic theory, people with an _________attachment have a greater risk for developing a depressive disorder.
Insecure attachment
what is an insecure attachment?
Symptoms are present for __________ in dysthymia
at least 2 years
to meet criteria for a manic episode, an individual must have abnormally and persistent symptoms for at least__________ (how LONG?)
Is this shorter or longer than a hypomanic episode?
-distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood and increased activity or energy for at least 1 WEEK
Hypomania: symptom period lasting for up to 4 days
Abnormalities in connections with The _______lobe has been found in brain imagine studies among individuals with bipolar disorder
prefrontal lobe
In considering the cognitive approach to depression,
Beck defines depressive thoughts as the "cognitive triad". What is the cognitive triad?
Negative view of Self, the world, the future
name three symptoms of dysthymia
•sleep disturbance
•Appetite disturbance
•Low energy/fatigue
•Low self esteem
•difficulty concentrating, Poor decision making
•Feeling hopeless
what are the 2 major categories of bipolar disorder? which category requires the person has had 1 or more major depressive episodes AND at least 1 hypomanic episode
Bipolar 1: 1 or more manic episode and possibly 1 or more major depressive episode
Bipolar II: 1 or more major depressive episode and at least 1 hypomanic episode
Name two biochemical abnormalities associated with depressive disorders
serotonin
norepinephrine
Explain behavioral activation in the treatment for depression
Behavioral activation: clinician helps the client identify activities associated with positive mood, sets small weekly goals for client to engage in these activities, sometimes placing additional reward structures in place for achievement of goals.
When an individual suffers from more than 1 major depressive disorder, it is called ___________.
major depressive disorder, recurrent episode
Name 3 of the symptoms that must be present to a significant degree to met criteria for manic episode
-inflated self esteem-grandiose
-decreased need for sleep
-more talkative mood or pressure to keep talking
-flight of ideas, racing thoughts
-distractible
-increase goal directed activity, or psychomotor agitation
-excessive engagement in activities that have high potential for painful consequences (buying sprees, gambling or investments that don't make sense)
SSRI stands for _______________
Give 2 examples
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor
Examples: prozac, celexa, lexapro, paxil, zoloft
What are other biologically based treatments?
DBS:
ECT:
There are at least 7 types of thought distortions that a clinician will explain to a client with depression and engage in an activity called disputing an irrational thought distortion. Name one type of thought distortion in depression, define it, and provide an example of it.
Overgeneralizing
Selective abstraction
taking excessive responsibility
assuming temporal causality
making excessive self-references
catastrophizing
dichotomous thinking
According to a 2017 population study in Finland,what percent of the population suffers from experiencing dysthymia in the course of their lifetime ( the lifetime prevalence)
2.5%
Cyclothymia: alterations between dysphoria and hypomanic episodes.
The person has met criteria for a hypomanic episode many times over the span of at least 2 years AND experiences periods of depressive symptoms but never meets the criteria for a major depressive episode.
Person is NEVER without symptoms for more than 2 months
What is the traditional medication used in bipolar disorder? Name 2 reasons people don't take it?
Lithium carbonate
1) side effects include CNS disturbance, upset gastrointestinal, cardiac abnormalities.
2) interferes with euphoria, pleasure
can you think of other medications used to treat bipolar disorder?
What does the evidence show is the best combination for treatment of depression?
1) never medication alone
2) not "talk therapy"
3) use of evidence based therapies include CBT, DBT, behavioral therapies
PLUS.... medications as needed