Metonymy (English)
We swear loyalty to the crown.
The crown = king/queen or the royal family
Amicus Bacchum damus.
Translation: We give wine to friends
Metonymy: Bacchus (God of wine) = wine
The White House issued a statement
The White House = the president
Instructo Marte videres fervere Leucaten.
Translation: And you could make out all Leucate in feverish preparation for war
Metonymy: "Marte" = Mars, god of war = war
The detective took a piece of lead to the shoulder
Lead = bullet / ammunition
Vulcānus tecta dēvorat.
Translation: Vulcan came into the roofs. (The roof caught fire)
Metonymy: Vulcan, God of fire
Wall Street is worried about the new economic policy.
Wall Street = U.S. financial/stock market
Cedant arma togae.
Cicero (De Officiis 1.77)
Literal Translation: Let arms give way to the toga.
Becomes: Let military power give way to civil power.
Metonymy: arms=military & toga= peace garment
The pen is mightier than the sword. (Trick one)
The pen = the written word (+200)
The sword = violence / military force (+200)
Calamus gladio fortior.
The pen is mighter than the sword.
The pen (calamus) = the written word (+200)
The sword (gladio) = violence / military force (+200)