The Classics
Which theorist is associated with social conflict?
Karl Marx
What is the process of learning society’s norms and behaviors?
Socialization
What is Cooley’s concept of developing self-image based on how others see us?
The looking-glass self
What are small groups with long-lasting personal relationships called?
Primary groups
What type of organization focuses on profit and material rewards?
Utilitarian organization
Which theorist focused on human ideas?
Max Weber
Which researcher studied monkeys to understand social isolation?
Harry Harlow
What is the difference between an ascribed and achieved status?
Role strain occurs within a single role; role conflict occurs between roles associated with different statuses.
What leadership style involves taking charge and making decisions?
Authoritarian leadership
What organizational structure uses hierarchy, rules, and specialization?
Bureaucracy
What are the two types of social solidarity identified by Durkheim?
Mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity
What are Freud’s two basic drives called?
An ascribed status is assigned at birth or involuntarily; an achieved status is gained voluntarily through personal achievement.
What is the difference between role strain and role conflict?
The generalized other is the ability to understand the expectations of multiple people across multiple settings.
What did Solomon Asch study in his experiments?
Conformity and the pressure to agree with the majority
What is it called when following rules makes completing a job difficult?
Bureaucratic ritualism
What are the two classes identified by Marx?
Capitalists/owners (bourgeoisie) and workers (proletariat)
What are Kohlberg’s three stages of moral reasoning?
Preconventional, conventional, and postconventional
What are the four stages of Piaget’s cognitive development?
Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational
What are the three leadership styles discussed in the notes?
Authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire
What is the Peter Principle?
People are promoted until they reach their level of incompetence
What are the four things Marx believed workers become alienated from?
Alienation from the act of work, the product of work, other workers, and human potential
What is resocialization, and what is its purpose?
Resocialization is the process of breaking down existing patterns of personality and rebuilding them to fit new expectations.
What is Mead’s generalized other?
Mead's generalized other involves understanding multiple people and expectations across multiple settings simultaneously.
What is the difference between a dyad and a triad?
A dyad has two people; a triad has three people.
What is bureaucratic inertia?
Bureaucratic inertia occurs when an organization continues operating after achieving its original goal and takes on another goal.