England
The viking king who invaded France, was defeated and given land in the north of France
Rollo
term for when nobles elected the king from among their ranks
elective monarchy
The last Carolingian king to reunite the 3 kingdoms and rule them all together; was deposed by his nephew
Charles the Fat
the sinful practice of buying and selling holy objects or church offices
simony
The pope who preached the Crusades and encouraged people to join
Pope Urban II
The holy king of England who grew up in Normandy and became king after his half brother Harthacanute died without an heir
the method of inheritance where the eldest son inherits everything
primogeniture
The Duke of Saxony who married a nun and then put her away and married a saint instead
Henry the Fowler
the practice of kings/emperors appointing bishops and abbots
lay investiture
The nomadic peoples who converted to Islam and conquered Anatolia
Turks
The battle and year in which Harold Godwinson defeated his brother Tostig and Harald Hardrada
The Battle of Stamford Bridge
The Frankish duke was elected king, and then immediately had his own son crowned king to ensure his family would keep the crown
Hugh Capet
The saintly woman married to the Saxon king of the Franks who used her wealth to help the poor, and was exiled by her sons because of it
St. Matilda
the pope responsible for many reforms in the Church during the Middle Ages - he excommunicated many bishops who had purchased their positions
Gregory VII
the battle in which the Seljuk leader, Alp Arslan, defeated the Byzantine emperor. this event caused the emperor to call on the pope for help
Battle of Manzikert
The battle and year in which William of Normandy defeated Harold Godwinson
Battle of Hastings, Oct 1066
The saint who appeared to Hugh Capet and told him his descendants would rule for 7 generations
St. Valery
The king of the eastern Franks who earned the title of "Holy Roman Emperor" after defeating the Lombards and saving the Pope and the Queen of Italy
Otto I
The Patriarch of Constantinople who outlawed the Latin Rite and was in conflict with Cardinal Humbert
Michael Cerularius
the 'crusade' made up of a ragtag bunch of untrained men who killed a lot of Jews on their way to the Seljuk land, and were ultimately destroyed by the Seljuks
the Pauper's/People's Crusade
3 Ways the Norman invasion of England changed English culture/society
1. language
2. castles
3. hierarchy
4. start of feudal system
The Frenchman who finally brings down the Holy Roman Empire in 1806
Napoleon
The system devised by Otto I to ensure his nobles were loyal and other nobles couldn't take their land:
Ottonian System - appointed his loyal friends and family as clergymen and then gave them land so other nobles couldn't tax them or take this new "church" land
The saint who wrote books and preached against simony and homosexuality among the clergy
St. Peter Damien
The first city besieged by the Crusaders. The Byzantine emperor ended up negotiating with the Turks to get this city back peacefully
Nicaea