Introduction to Cells and Biochemistry
Composed of a base, a pentose sugar, and one or more phosphate groups.
What is a nucleotide?
Allows for alpha helices to wrap around one another to form coiled coils.
What are amphiphilic properties?
A non-protein compound that’s required for the functioning of an enzyme, usually produced from vitamins.
What is a coenzyme?
The three-dimensional structure of DNA.
What is a double helix?
The end of a peptide chain that has an amine group.
What is the N-terminus?
Secondary protein structure that can run parallel or anti-parallel.
What is a Beta sheet?
The state when proteins are in solution with their ligands.
What is dynamic state?
Information-containing element that controls a discrete hereditary characteristic.
What is a gene?
Purines and pyrimidines are only able to bind to one another, not themselves, because of this type of bond.
What is a hydrogen bond?
This influences the way a protein folds.
What is the distribution of polar and nonpolar amino acids?
An enzyme that transfers a phosphate group to a substrate.
What is a protein kinase?
The three structural components of DNA.
What are a pentose sugar (deoxyribose), a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group?
Transcription is a specific type of this process using mRNA encoding DNA information to guide the synthesis of polymers with precise chemical architecture.
What is templated polymerization?
Provides a specific function to the protein and also folds independently from the rest of the protein?
What is a domain?
A very small protein, powered by ATP, that is attached to obsolete proteins to tag them for destruction.
What is ubiquitin?
A group of small proteins that are pivotal to the condensation in the primary organization level of DNA.
What is a Histone?
Reaction coupling utilizes this type of molecule to power otherwise unfavorable reactions.
What is an activated carrier molecule?
Only Amino Acid that favors the cis conformation and acts as an alpha helix breaker.
What is proline?
A GTP binding protein in which mutations in its gene are associated with many cancers.
What is the Ras protein?
The types of sequences that are required for a functional chromosome.
What is a telomere, a replication origin, and a centromere?