Earth's Interior
Earth has three main layers: crust, _______, and core.
Mantle
True or False: Minerals can be organic, meaning they form from materials that were living.
False
What are the three types of rocks?
-Igneous
-Metamorphic
-Sedimentary
The ___________ is the series of processes that occur on Earth's surface and in the crust and mantle that slowly change rocks from one kind to another.
Rock cycle
Where does the energy ultimately come from that is needed for organic materials to be made?
Sun
How do the temperature and pressure of the Earth change as the depth increases?
They both increase.
List two properties of minerals.
-Streak
-Luster
-Color
-Density (D=M/V)
-Cleavage and Fracture
-Crystal Structure
-Hardness
-Special (ex: conduct electricity, magnetic)
How is igneous rock formed?
Forms from cooled magma or lava
What processes can recycle sedimentary rock into sediment?
-Uplifting to the surface
-Weathering
-Erosion
What is the thickest layer of Earth?
Mantle
What is the thinnest layer of Earth?
Crust
Why are some minerals, like diamonds, found evenly distributed on Earth?
They require specific conditions.
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
Forms when a rock is changed by heat, pressure, or a chemical reaction
Pressure physically compacts rock. Pressure can cause the rock's appearance, composition, and texture to change.
Which part of the core causes the magnetic field?
Outer core
Is the outer core solid or liquid?
Liquid
What role does the sun's energy play in the formation of minerals from solution?
Energy from the sun causes the water to evaporate, leaving the minerals in the water behind.
Rocks are made of particles called ________.
Grains
How do sedimentary rocks form?
When layers of sediment are compacted and cemented together
True or False: The same matter is recycled over and over.
True
What processes or forces combine to set convection currents in motion?
1. Heating and cooling of fluid
2. Changes in a fluid's density
3. Gravity
A sample mineral has a mass of 251.1 grams and a volume of 31.0 cm3. What is the mineral's density?
D=M/V
D=M/V
D= 251.1 g /31.0 cm3
D= 8.1 g/cm3
Which process acts on Earth's surface to break rocks into pieces?
Weathering
What type of rock can form when existing rocks are subjected to extreme heat and pressure without melting?
Metamorphic rock
List the layers of the Earth in the correct order, starting from the outermost and going to the center.
-Outer core
-Mantle
-Inner core
-Crust
-Crust
-Mantle
-Outer core
-Inner core