Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase & Cytokinesis
100
Where does Prophase come in the order of mitosis?
It is the first step in mitosis and comes before Prometaphase.
100
What stage is prometphase?
The second stage
100
True or False: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.
False; this happens in anaphase. In metaphase, chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate.
100
During Anaphase, which structures are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell?
Sister chromatids
100
What is formed during this phase?
Daughter nuclei
200
True or False: Centrosomes move towards each other
False; centrosomes move away from each other.
200
True or False: Microtubules enter the cytoplasm and some attach to kinetochores.
False; microtubules enter the NUCLEAR AREA and some attach to kinetochores.
200
Chromosomes are at _____ poles.
Opposite
200
What happens to the cell?
The cell elongates
200
What reappears during this phase?
Nucleoli
300
What begins to form during prophase?
Mitotic spindles
300
What happens in prometaphase?
The nuclear envelope fragments and the mirotubules enter nuclear area.
300
True or False: Chromatids have not separated yet in metaphase.
True
300
Why do sister chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell?
Due to the microtubules shortening
300
What happens to chromosomes?
They become less condensed
400
What are the mitotic spindles made of?
Microtubules
400
How does the breakdown of the nuclear envelope during prometaphase facilitate mitosis?
The breakdown of the nuclear envelope allows spindle fibers to access the chromosomes. This access is necessary for microtubules to attach to the kinetochores. Without this breakdown, chromosomes would remain trapped inside the nucleus and the cell would not proceed with mitosis.
400
What happens if the microtubules don’t properly attach to the kinetochore?
The daughter cells might have an uneven number of chromosomes, leading to a genetic imbalance that can lead to many diseases.
400
What are microtubules?
Tubular structure present in numbers in the cytoplasm of cells
400
How does cytokinesis occur in plant cells?
Vesicles produced by the golgi travel to the middle of the cell and form a cell plate
500
Chromatin condenses during prophase. What is chromatin?
Strings of nuclesomes
500
What cellular structures are involved in the process of breaking down the nuclear envelope?
The nuclear envelope disassembly is regulated by CDKs, which phosphorylate nuclear lamins (the target proteins) to break down the structure.
500
Draw what metaphase looks like in a cell
500
What checkpoint would the cell have to go through before continuing to anaphase?
M (spindle) checkpoint
500
How does cytokinesis occur in animal cells?
A cleavage furrow appears due to a contractile ring of actin filaments