Mitral Regurg A
Mitral Regurg B
Mitral Stenosis A
Mitral Stenosis B
Mitral Valve
100
Untreated mitral regurgitation can lead to what cardiac condition?
Congestive Heart Failure
100
What side of the MV will the PISA radius be with Mitral Regurgitation?
Ventricular side
100
Condition impedes diastolic blood flow into the left ventricle?
Mitral stenosis
100
Using the MV pressure half-time (PHT), what is the equation for Mitral Valve Area (MVA)?
MVA = 220 / PHT
100
Which one of the below conditions can cause a systolic murmur?
- Mitral stenosis
- Mitral regurgitation
- Tricuspid Stenosis
- Pulmonic regurgitation
Mitral Regurgitation
200
Murmur is associated with mitral regurgitation.
Systolic murmur S4 gallop
200
What direction is the color baseline shifted when performing the PISA radius for mitral regurgitation?
Shift down to -20-40 cm/sec
200
A reverberation artifact is most likely to be the caused by what kind of prosthetic valve?
Mechanical MV
200
What direction is the color baseline shifted when performing the PISA radius for mitral stenosis?
Shift up to + 20–40 cm/sec
200
Which one of the below conditions can cause a diastolic murmur?
- Mitral stenosis
- Aortic stenosis
- Mitral regurgitation
- Pulmonic stenosis
Mitral Stenosis
300
Is a prolapsing mitral valve considered a Primary or Secondary type of mitral regurgitation.
Primary
300
What pathology is seen in the above image?
Mild mitral regurgitation
300
What is the continuity equation to solve for the MVA?
CSA x LVOT VTI / MV VTI
300
When assessing a case of mitral stenosis what is the severity of MS with a documented mitral valve area of 1.3 cm2.
Moderate mitral stenosis
300
Name the leaflet labeled “A” in the above image.
Anterior
400
What is considered a Secondary type of mitral regurgitation?
- Annular dilation
- Flail leaflet
- Endocarditis
- Congenital anomaly
Annular dilation
400
What procedure can be performed in the CATH lab for severe mitral regurgitation
Mitral valve clip
400
When assessing a case of mitral stenosis what is the severity of MS with a documented mitral valve mean gradient of 11 mmHg?
Severe mitral stenosis
400
What procedure can be performed in the CATH lab for mitral stenosis to increase flow across the valve, without valve replacement?
Valvuloplasty or balloon valvotomy
400
Name the leaflet labeled “B” in the above image
Posterior
500
With severe mitral valve regurgitation what kind of flow pattern would be expected in the pulmonary veins?
Systolic flow reversal
500
What murmur is most commonly associated with mitral valve prolapse?
Mid-systolic click
500
What affect does mitral stenosis have on the left ventricular preload?
Decrease preload
500
Mitral valve area of 1.6 cm2, indicates what about the severity mitral valve stenosis?
Mild MV stenosis
500
What is the orientation of MV A3/P3?
- Posterior
- Anterior
- Medial
Medial
600
How would you classify the above mitral regurgitation jet?
- Holosystolic MR
- Late systolic MR
- Early systolic MR
Early systolic MR
600
Name the MV leaflet labeled “B” in the above image.
Anterior
600
Most common cause of mitral stenosis?
Rheumatic fever
600
A patient presents with a diastolic “rumble” murmur, and has a history of rheumatic fever. You perform an echocardiogram and obtain the following measurements: Use the continuity equation to solve.
- LVOTd: 2.0 cm MV VTI: 75 cm
- RVOTd: 2.1 cm LVOT-VTI: 25 cm
What is this patient’s Mitral Valve Area?
1.04 cm2
600
What is the orientation of MV A1/P1?
- Lateral
- Posterior
- Medial
- Anterior
Lateral