Hypertension
Individuals are recommended to limit their sodium intake to this level as part of the DASH diet.
What is 2,300 mg/day?
This tool is recommended by ACC/AHA guidelines and helps guide decisions about statin therapy and other interventions.
What is the ASCVD risk estimator?
“Normal” levels of FBG & A1C.
FBG <100 mg/dL, A1C <5.7%
First line defense OHA that suppresses hepatic glucose production & improves insulin resistance.
Metformin (Glucophage)
Identify how a meal high in fat, protein or fiber may influence BG.
Hight fat – delays gastric emptying, high protein – decrease CHO absorption, high fiber – delay glucose absorption.
Can lead to delayed elevated BG.
This is one of the two main things that blood pressure depends on, and it indicates how tight or relaxed the blood vessels are.
What is total peripheral resistance?
Based on alignment with the AHA dietary guidance, this dietary pattern was in Tier 1 and emphasizes extra virgin olive oil, fatty fish, nuts/seeds, fruits and vegetables, and red wine in moderation.
What is the Mediterranean diet (or Mediterranean style)?
DKA is most common in this type of diabetes.
T1DM
What impact does physical activity have on BG?
Lowers BG
Apples, oats, peas, beans, and barley are sources of this nutrient recommended by the TLC diet to lower LDL cholesterol.
What is soluble fiber?
Enalapril is an example of this category of drugs that reduces blood pressure by interfering with conversion of angiotensin I to II.
What are ACE inhibitors?
Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis involves endothelial injury, inflammation, and formation of THIS accumulation of lipids and cells in an artery.
What is plaque?
True or False: Hypoglycemia can happen in T2DM
True
Lantus (Glargine) is what type of insulin?
Basal/long-acting
These are the 3 minerals that individuals are recommended to increase as part of the DASH diet.
What are potassium, magnesium, and calcium?
This system helps the body raise blood pressure when it’s too low, especially due to low blood volume.
What is the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System?
This drug is considered to be the most effective at increasing HDL, though it may cause flushing of the face.
What is nicotinic acid (niacin)?
A pt is found to have very low levels of C-peptide. Does this align with T1DM or T2DM?
T1DM
If a patient has an ICR of 1:15 and correction factor of 1:50 what does this mean?
Insulin to CHO ratio – 1 unit of insulin for every 15 grams of CHO.
Correction factor: 1 unit of insulin is expected to lower the BG by 50 mg/dL.
How many grams of CHO are in 2 starch choices?
30 grams
This is the systolic and diastolic blood pressure criteria for diagnosis of Stage 1 hypertension.
What is 130–139 mm Hg OR 80–89 mm Hg?
Of the lipoproteins, these are the largest and have the lowest density.
What are chylomicrons?
“Rebound hyperglycemia”, caused by too much insulin before bed & secretion of counterregulatory hormones that leads to hepatic glucose production.
Somogyi Effect
Is NPH used as a basal or bolus insulin?
Basal
Describe the key difference between the CHO counting and food choices systems
CHO counting – focus is on grams of CHO
Food choices – includes CHO, fat, protein, and kcal