Molecular and Biology Basics
This process converts DNA into RNA
Transcription
These DNA regions help initiate transcription
promoters
Mutations in these genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancer.
BRCA1 and BRCA2
Cancer cells may become resistant to PARP inhibitors by restoring function of this gene.
BRCA
These cellular structures are responsible for protein synthesis
Ribosomes
This type of modification, like DNA methylation, can affect gene activity without altering the DNA sequence.
epigenetic modification
Cancer cells exhibit uncontrolled growth due to the overactivation of these genes.
oncogenes
This enzyme, upregulated in resistant cancer cells, allows DNA repair without BRCA or PARP pathways
Polθ (or polymerase theta)
This term describes the process by which RNA is used to produce proteins.
Translation
These DNA sequences enhance the expression of specific genes when bound by transcription factors.
enhancers
This process is impaired in BRCA-mutant cells, leading to an accumulation of mutations.
DNA repair
Combination therapies aim to prevent this common problem in cancer treatment.
drug resistance
The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of information from DNA to RNA to this molecule.
Protein
This process ensures that genes are expressed only when and where they are needed.
gene regulation
This type of cancer therapy aims to kill cancer cells by exploiting their specific genetic weaknesses.
targeted therapy
This concept describes the condition in which cancer cells die due to the simultaneous loss of multiple DNA repair pathways.
synthetic lethality