Replication
This is the enzyme that unwinds the DNA helix at the start of replication
Helicase
This enzyme is responsible for constructing the transcript strand in transcription
RNA Polymerase
This molecule carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis
mRNA (messenger RNA)
This is a group of genes whose expression is regulated by a single promoter
Operon
This type of mutation has no effect on the amino acid sequence of a protein
Silent mutation
These proteins prevent the separated DNA strands from rejoining during replication
Single Stranded Binding Proteins (SSB)
This is the region of DNA where RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription.
Promoter
These are the three-base sequences on mRNA that code for specific amino acids
Codons
This molecule binds to the lac repressor, causing it to release the operator
Allolactose
This type of mutation results in a change in the amino acid sequence.
Missense
This is the term for the short fragments synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication
Okazaki fragments
This is the specific sequence within a promoter that is rich in T and A bases in eukaryotes.
TATA box
This molecule has an anti-codon and carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome.
tRNA (transfer RNA)
These are proteins that help general transcription factors and RNA polymerase assemble
Activators
This type of mutation introduces a premature stop codon.
Nonsense
This enzyme replaces RNA primers with DNA nucleotides during replication.
DNA Polymerase I
This is a repetitive sequence added to a mRNA transcript to prevent degredation of the coding region
Poly-A Tail
This is the protein synthesis machinery that facilitates the bonding between amino acids.
Ribosome
This type of operon is usually on and can be turned off when product levels are high
Repressible
This type of mutation is caused by the addition or deletion of bases, altering the reading frame.
Frameshift
This describes the model of DNA replication where each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one new strand.
Semi-conservative
This is the process by which portions of the pre-mRNA are removed
Splicing
This is the first codon that initiates translation, and codes for methionine.
AUG
This term describes how multiple factors work together to determine whether a gene is expressed
Molecular logic
These enzymes recognize and cut DNA at specific sequences.
Restriction enzymes