Culture
The inclination and/or predisposition either for something or against something is called....?
Bias
Bias can impact the therapeutic relationship through unexamined attitudes.
Define cultural humility
Cultural humility: one remains open to the client’s experience and adopts a receptive stance that allow for positive and responsive emotional engagement.
Define marginalization.
The process in which individuals or
entire cultural groups are systematically blocked from or denied full access to various rights, opportunities, and resources that are normally available to members of the dominant cultural group.
What are the 3 pillars of multicultural orientation?
1. Cultural Humility
2. Cultural Opportunities
3. Cultural ComfortDefine ethnocentrism & ethnorelativism.
Ethnocentrism:
Assessing, interpreting and judging culturally diverse behavior in relation to one's own cultural standards.
Behaviors are acceptable to the extend they are similar to one's own cultural morals and values.
Ethnorelativism:
What does "a way of seeing" mean?
a "lens" of awareness and appreciation of the values, norms, and beliefs of another group that are not one's own.
Cultural humility involves striving to understand the cultural background (curiosity, non-judgemental) and identity of others (interpersonal components) and....
Intrapersonal components:
Openess and willingness to reflect on oneself as cultural being.
Who coined the term intersectionality & what is it?
Kimberlé Crenshaw coined the term "intersectionality" in 1989.
"Intersectionality is a paradigm that addresses the multiple dimensions of identity and social systems as they intersect with one another and relate to inequality, such as racism, genderism, heterosexism, ageism, and classism, among other variables” (APA, 2020, p. 148).
What is cultural blindness and how could this impact therapy?
Cultural blindness believes that traditional treatment approaches are universally applicable.
Some approaches may not be culturally suitable and therefore have the potential to cause harm.
What is "the ability to reflect on what is happening in the moment"?
Metaprocessing
The awareness of one's own cognitive processes
e.g. monitoring personal thoughts in therapy and/or monitoring thoughts on the impact of self in relation to others.
What does one need to be able to do to in order to demonstrate cultural comfort?
Self regulate when exploring cultural opportunities with clients
What is helpful about cultural discomfort?
Cultural discomfort provides vital feedback to therapists about areas they need to further explore and/or develop.
Discomfort may also shed light on dynamics between the therapist and client (counter transference/ transference)
Name 8 different dimensions of culture
What would recognizing the cultural meaning of art materials and context entail?
In some cultures, art materials like clay, fabric, or natural pigments hold ancestral or spiritual significance, meaning that the choice of material and setting can be as meaningful as the artwork itself.
What can shift across time, context and life transitions?
It includes;
self view, self-concept, and beliefs about the self.
Name the 3 key components of a culturally competent therapist.
awareness, knowledge, and skills
What does a successful therapeutic relationship rest upon?
The recognition of the self in the other.
When therapists are safe, emotionally engaged, other-oriented, and responsive to cultural identities, clients are more likely to view them as culturally humble. This improves the working alliance.
Shift from authority to openness.
What are relational experiences?
Relational experiences explain how cultural
identity intersects with others and sociopolitical systems of power, privilege, oppression.
Power: capacity or ability to direct or influence the behavior of others or the course of events
Privilege: unearned special rights, immunities, and societal advantages that are granted on the basis of membership in a dominant social identity group
Oppression: superiority exercised by the dominant group over other groups through laws, policies, cultural norms, and everyday practices that produce and reproduce societal inequities
What are cultural opportunities and when are they present?
Moments in therapy when culture presents itself for consideration and exploration.
Cultural opportunities are always present - multiple views and voices exist, cultural differences are real and influence human interaction. Must be fully appreciated and accounted for to understand human behavior.
What is helpful about self-empathy/compassion?
Self-empathy is an attitude of suspended judgment and openness toward oneself.
What is cultural symbolism?
In multicultural art therapy, this concept recognizes that art materials, symbols, and imagery may carry different meanings across cultures.
Strohminger et al (2017) names the qualities which distinguishes a "true self;"
1. moral features --> knows right/wrong
2. positive/optimistic by default and focuses on the good in any situation
3. perspective taking- sees the good and moral in the self and others, and is cross-culturally stable
Why would cultural opportunities valuable for a "true" self?
Confirms the true self and highlights limitations. These are foundational for cultural humility.
What is a fundamental barrier to growth and learning for therapists?
Not allowing others to see who they really are.
What would be a cross-cultural variation for the purpose of art?
Western art therapy values “self-expression,” while other cultures may prioritize harmony, craft, or spiritual meaning.
Symbolic self-portraiture is an art assignment you have due next week. What are 2 reasons I (Emily/professor) would want you to explore this?
To have a concrete experience which services as the basis for self-reflection and critical thinking.
You will also gain a deeper understanding of cultural humility as a "way of being" as we respond to each others' art.