Health history & risk factors
A patient reports recent falls, joint pain, and muscle weakness. These are examples of what kind of data?
Subjective Data
What is the name of the type of joint that allows free movement in many directions?
Synovial (ball and socket)
Which movement describes bringing a limb away from the midline of the body?
Abduction
What does atrophy mean?
Which spinal curvature is common in older adults?
Kyphosis
What supplement is often recommended for postmenopausal women to reduce osteoporosis risk?
Calcium
Which movement describes turning the palm downward?
Pronation
Which term describes an increase in muscle size due to strength training?
Hypertroph
A lateral curvature of the spine, best detected with forward bending
Scoliosis
Name three risk factors for osteoporosis
age, menopause, female, smoking, low BMI, family history
What is the medical term for the kneecap?
Patella
This type of ROM is performed by the patient without any assistance
Active range of motion
This group of muscles moves the thigh toward the body's midline
Adductor Muscles
Excessive inward curvature of the lumbar spine is called what?
Lordosis
This hormone's decline during menopause leads to decreased bone density
What is a key function of bones besides providing support & structure?
Store calcium, act as levers, or produce blood cells
What is the term for straightening a joint, increasing the angle between two bones?
Extension
On the 0-5 muscle strength scale, what does a 3 mean?
Full ROM with gravity but not against resistance.
What is the normal number of curves in a healthy adult spine?
4
Long-term use of which type of medication can increase the risk of osteoporosis?
Corticosteroids
What is the largest and strongest bone in the human body?
Femur
What is the term for bending the foot upward toward the shin?
Dorsiflexion
On the 0–5 muscle strength scale, what does a 0 indicate?
No muscle contraction detected
Which part of the spine is located in the neck?
Cervical spine