Sprains/ Fractures
What is a Grade 1 Sprain
Grade 2 Sprain
Grade 3 Sprain
1: Mild: Tenderness, minimal swelling
2: Moderate: Severe pain, partial tearing, some loss of function
3: Severe: Complete tear, less pain, loss of function
osteoarthritis type that occurs asymmetrically and typically affects only one or two joints and is a result of injury
Secondary
Teach patient to avoid this with RA
Red Meat
Measures amount of brittle bones, all metal objects removed, height is measured
DEXA Scan
Signs and Symptoms of Gout?
Elevated Serum uric Acid and Tight
Reddened skin over an inflamed/ edematous joint
Elevated Temperature
Extreme pain in joint
4 methods to stabilize fractures
1: Internal fixation: pins/needles, stabilize two broken ends
2: External fixation: External frame
3: Casts, Splints or braces
4: Traction: pulls area in a position to stabilize
Treatment for Osteoarthritis
Low-impact aerobic exercise/ strengthening,
weight reduction if overweight,
maintenance of joint function,
salicylates, acetaminophen or NSAIDs
What is the treatment for RA?
**Methotrexate (DMARD)**/ NSAIDs
Rest, Exercise, Meds, Immobilize
Hot/Cold Compresses
Silent disease, no early signs or symptoms, mainly diagnosed after fracture from little or atraumatic (w/o trauma)
Osteoporosis
What is performed to confirm diagnosis of Gout?
Arthrocentesis
Pin Care
Meticulous cleaning w/ sterile water daily
Premedicate 30 mins before pin care
10 days after surgery, showering can begin w/ external fixtures
Teachings for Osteoarthritis
Gentle exercise for joint mobility/ decrease pain
Avoid placing stress on affected joints
Moist heat application
Maintain weight in normal limits
Use of imagery for relaxation and to reduce pain
What is a common diagnostic trait in RA?
Elevated C-reactive Protein, Positive Anti- CCP
Treatments for Osteoporosis?
Adequate Calcium + Vitamin D (sunlight exposure)/ + Phosphorous (bone)
Weight- bearing exercise
Eat foods such as sardines, salmon, cheese, yogurt + milk
What is Gout?
Grating sound due to stiffness of joints
Crepitation
Osteoarthritis
Nodules on hands (Cardinal Sign), joint pain, warmth, edema, limited motion, stiffness in joints in the morning >1 hr
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Osteoporosis mainly occurs in this group of people?
Older, white women
What is the most common site of gout?
Pain, Pallor, Paranesthesia, Pulselessness, Paralysis, Poikilothermia (cool to touch), severe/ unrelenting pain, narcotics does NOT help, tingling, numbness
Compartment Syndrome
Particularly of the hands, can occur symmetrically with no cause being identified
Primary Osteoarthritis
How to diagnose RA?
3 or more joints,
lasts more than 6 weeks,
elevated c- reactive protein,
positive anti-ccp
Risk Factors for Osteoporosis?
Age, Chronic disease, medications,
long term calcium and vitamin D deficiency,
smoking, excessive caffeine or alcohol intake,
sedentary lifestyle
What are the teachings for people with Gout?
Med side effects and dosage, Avoid Alcohol
Weight control w/ diet, Fluid intake of 2-3L/daily
People who take Allopurinol need a periodic LFT cause drug can cause liver failure
Restrict high-purine foods (anchovies, sardines, sweetbreads, liver, bacon, kidneys, and venison)