Modes
G-A-B-C-D-E-F-G
Mixolydian
Key: F - V7/vi
A-C#-E-G
C up to a B-flat
minor 7
A pick up note
Anacrusis
Major-Minor
Dominant
E-F#-G#-A#-B-C#-D#-E
Lydian
Key: G - V 4/3/ii
B-D-E-G#
G up to a D#
Augmented 5th
Cadence in minor where bass scales degrees are 6-5
Phrygian half cadence
C-E-flat-G-B-flat
minor
C#-D#-E#-F#-G#-A#-B-C#
Mixolydian
Key: C - V65/V
F#-A-C-D
F down to an E-flat
Major 2nd
Time signature of 3 but ties over bar line make it feel like it's in 2
Hemiola
D-F#-A-C#
Major
Locrian
Key: D - V7/IV
G-B-D-F
C# down to an E
Major 6th
When a melody moves up or down by step and keeps same rhythm
Melodic sequence
F-A-C#
Augmented
G-A-B-flat-C-D-E-flat-F-G
Aeolian
Key: F : vii half dim/V
B-D-F-A
C up a 13th
A
When a piece is in minor and ends with a raised 3rd at the end
Picardy 3rd
G-B-flat-D-flat-F-flat
Fully diminished