BRAIN INJURIES (GENERAL)
STROKE
DEFICITS
CLINICAL CORRELATES

RECOVERY
100

What kind of TBI is it when the skull is intact, with no penetration of the skull?

Closed head Injury

100

What are the two types of stroke?

Ischemic and hemorrhagic

100

Agnosia is the ability to recognize incoming info. 

True or False?

False.

Agnosia is the INABILITY to recognize incoming info despite intact sensation

100
Which clinical correlate has difficulty sustaining attention, and also displays inappropriate inattention and impulsiveness?

Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD)

100

Support and motivation play a key role in recovery?

True or False?

True

200

Traumatic Brain Injury is an insult to the brain not of degenerative or congenital nature but caused by external. Which can also involve impairment in cognitive abilities or physical functioning.

True or False?

True.

200
What is the formation of a blood clot within the artery called?

Thrombosis

200

Inability to comprehend written language and has damage to left PTO? 

Alexia

200

What parts of the brain are abnormal when it comes to autism?

Cerebellum and limbic system

200

What are 3 factors influencing the potential for recovery?

1.The nature of the damage.

2.Person's age.

2.Their experience.

300

Which kind of TBI occurs in a specific location?

Focal

-Results from direct mechanical forces.

300

What does the FAST acronym stand for?

Face- uneven smile

Arm- one weak arm

Speech- slurred speech

Time- Call 911

300

What is unilateral neglect?

Is the failure to respond or orient to stimuli presented contralateral to the brain lesion. Also known as hemi-inattention or hemi-spacial neglect.

300

How does regulatory disorder affect infants vs children?

infants- problems sleeping, self consoling, eating, arousal, mood regulations

young children-irritability, hypersensitivity 

300

When does synaptic effectiveness return? 

Once the edema resolves and there is the relief of pressure on the presynaptic neuron

400

What are the two communication-related manifestations of TBI?

Dyspraxia= slurred speech from cranial nerve damage 


AND

Aphasia= Left Hemisphere damage

400

What type of stroke is rare?

Progressive Stroke

400

Spatial relations is determining the location of objects and settings and route to locations.

True or False?

False. 

TOPOGRAPHICAL ORIENTATION is determining the location of objects and settings and route to locations

400

What are the symptoms of Korsakov's syndrome? 

-Anterograde and retrograde amnesia

-Confabulation- spontaneously reporting events that didn't happen.

400

What are the medications to dissolve blood clots?

1.TPA (tissue plasminogen activator)- has to be administered within 3 hours

2.Thrombolytics

3.Drugs to mop up free radicals 

4.Drugs to decrease swelling, keep edema down (steroids)

500

What happens during a diffuse axonal injury?

-A stretch injury to the membrane of an axon, which leads to axon breakage.

-Causes brain cells to die which causes brain swelling.

-Increased pressure can cause decreased blood flow to the brain which can cause more injury

-Shearing can also lead to the release of chemicals and can also contribute to more brain injury.

500

What are the causes of Hemorrhagic Stroke?

-High Blood Pressure

-Aneurysm is a weak spot in an artery wall.

-Amyloid Protein which makes vessels more prone to bursting.

500

List the 3 types of limb apraxia and what they have difficulty with?

1. Ideomotor- has difficulty executing motor commands

2. Ideational-has difficulty sequencing and motor planning

3.Conceptual-has difficulty using tools  

500

What is the difference between Retrograde and anterograde?

Retrograde- loss of memory of events before the trauma/injury occurs (can still make new memories)

Anterograde-loss of memory of events occurring after the injury (loss of day to day memory)


500

How can OT's help improve ADL's?

-muscular training

-sensory re-education

-neuromuscular re-education

-compensatory methods

-adaptive equipment

-caregiver training

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