Environmental Health
What are the components to an exposure history?
present work, past work, home/residence, activities/hobbies, concerns
What is the main focus of SDG 3?
Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.
Name the phases of disaster management
Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, Recovery, Evaluation
Who is considered a key informant?
including hospitals (nurses, docs), schools (employees), employers (example IUP), public officials (mayor, local rep), housing authorities, faith communities
What is the difference between biomonitoring and bioavailability?
Bioavailability-how much of contaminant is absorbed and active in the body
Biomonitoring-process of using medical tests to determine exposure-example blood lead test
What is the global burden of disease (GBD) and what is it used for?
is a metric that quantifies health loss from diseases, injuries, and risk factors across all world regions. It captures both morbidity (illness) and mortality (death), enabling standardized comparisons over time and between populations.
Estimates the impact of disease and injury on health globally/regionally-identify priority health issues and information policy decisions, track progress over time
Also estimates the disease burden using-years of life lost due to premature death and years lived with disability
What are some common injuries associated with blasts?
shrapnel wounds, blunt trauma, hearing loss, dismemberment
What is the health impact pyramid? What are two of the levels? Explain who is impacted by the bottom vs top of pyramid.
Is a framework that illustrates population level impact of PH interventions; five tiers from bottom to top-socioeconomic factors, changing environment, protective interventions, clinical interventions, counseling/ed.; Bottom interventions impact greater number of people vs top where it's more individual.
Which environmental framework is used to determine risks when there is limited evidence but there is a concern or threat?
Precautionary Principle
What is critical to achieving SDG3? What are some good characteristics?
Resilient health systems-adequate infrastructure, trained work force, access to quality services, strong community engagement,
What is the intentional release of viruses, bacteria, fungi, or toxins, with the intent to cause illness or death?
Bioterrorism
What are the components of a SMART objective/goal?
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-Bound
Know how to recognize if one is accurately written!
What are the components of an exposure assessment?
Source contamination (where it originated), environmental media/transportation (travel-air, water, soil, water, living organisms), point of exposure (where people come in contact), route of exposure (how it enters body), receptor population (group exposed)
Remember the image!
What is the demographic transition model?
Refers to a population's shift from high birth and death rates to low fertility and higher life expectancy. Indicates improved living conditions, healthcare access, and overall development (usually from industrialization of a country).
What are the guidelines for sheltering in place?
stay indoors, shut off HVAC, close/lock windows/doors, seal doors, close fireplace dampers, interior room/above ground, kit, news
Give an example of unfreezing, change, refreezing
recognize need for change, begin implementing change, stabilize and sustain change
Give two examples of how you could intervene as a PH nurse in the interruption of environmental exposure pathway?
physical barriers-fencing of contamination
No idling of diesel busses
destroying contaminated houses
What is the Epidemiologic Transition?
Describes a shift in the main causes of illness and death:
From communicable diseases (short life)
To noncommunicable diseases (longer life)
Reflects a growing burden of chronic illnesses
What is the decontamination procedure in a chemical disaster?
Remove outer layers of clothing, separate unaffected/victims, water/soap, hospital/field triage, secondary decontamination
What is the main difference between social media and social marketing?
Social media-more broad, reaching wider audience with general health message
Social Marketing-specific, goal is actual behavior change