Text attack skills
This approach to understanding text begins with activating prior knowledge and skimming for a rough idea of content and structure before resorting to bottom-up strategies.
What is the top-down approach?
Reflects the coherence of the writer's thought and helps readers make connections between ideas.
These discourse markers signal the sequence of events within a text.
What are markers signaling chronological order?
These functions are associated with propositional meaning and do not rely on context.
What are independent functions?
This skill requires readers to analyze the evidence presented in the text, consider the context, and use their reasoning abilities to understand the implied meaning and implications of the author's words.
What is Recognizing Implications and Making Inferences?
This text attack skill focuses on understanding the underlying patterns of meaning conveyed through text, beyond deciphering individual sentences.
What is recognizing functional value?
This cohesive device helps clarify meaning by signaling referents previously mentioned or inferred from context.
What are pro-forms?
These discourse markers indicate the writer's point of view within a text.
What are markers expressing the author's perspective?
These functions are defined by relationships between sentences within the same text.
What are text-dependent functions?
This involves anticipating the content, structure, or development of a text based on clues provided by the writer. It aids in comprehension and serves as an indicator of understanding.
What is prediction?
This skill involves perceiving how the writer has selected, organized, and given coherence to the raw material to serve their purpose.
What is recognizing text organization?
Understanding how different expressions refer to the same thing and recognizing text-structuring words' significance are part of this cohesive device.
What is lexical cohesion?
These discourse markers help organize the structure of a text.
What are markers signaling discourse organization?
Understanding functional value involves discerning the meaning of sentences within the broader context of what?
What is discourse?
Begins with engagement with the text, starting from expectations formed by the title.
How do you initiate prediction?
This skill involves identifying the assumptions or presuppositions underlying a text.
What is recognizing presuppositions?
This cohesive device omits unnecessary information but requires readers to infer missing elements from context.
What is ellipsis?
This type of discourse marker depends on the assumed relationship between the writer and the reader.
What are markers indicating interaction-dependent functions?
What are the two distinct circumstances in which readers have to recognize value in a text?
What are when signaled by a discourse marker or other means, and when there is no explicit signal?
In understanding syntax, this procedure involves identifying cohesive elements, rewriting sentences, finding nouns, dealing with nominalizations, identifying verbs, and handling participle, infinitive, and preposition clauses.
What is simplifying sentences?
This text attack skill involves anticipating the content, structure, or development of a text based on clues provided by the writer.
What is prediction?
This type of cohesive device signals relationships within text, indicating sequence, organization, and the writer's viewpoint.
What are discourse markers?
These discourse markers help convey relationships between different parts of a text.
What are markers signaling coherence and cohesion?
Why are interaction-dependent functions considered controversial?
What is because they can only be interpreted if we assume a relationship between the writer and the reader?
Using schemata about text structures, patterns of organization, and human thought processes. This requires attention to clues within the text, ranging from small linguistic cues to larger-scale patterns of organization.
How do you train prediction?