Types and Importance of Organizations
What are the three main types of organizations based on ownership?
Private, Public, and Nonprofit
Who is known for Scientific Management?
Frederick Taylor
What kind of strucure can be characterized by Centralized decision-making & minimal hierarchy?
Simple structure
What are the different Porter's competitive strategies?
Cost leadership, Differentiation, Focus
What is the proportions of administrative, clerical and professional support staff?
Personnel Ratios
What are the five thesis on causes for hierarchy?
Size, Complexity, Internal and external conflicts, Peoples need for management, Class struggle i.e. struggle over the right to manage and distribute work
What did Henri Fayol contribute to management theory?
Administrative principles, 14 principles of management
What kind of stucture is describe as following: Organization grouped by job functions such as marketing, finance, HR etc.
Functional structure
What are reported goals of corporations? List min. 5
Profitability, Growth, Market share, Social responsibility, Employee welfare, Product quality and service, R&D, Diversification, Efficiency, Financial Stability, Resource conservation, Management development, Innovation
What is the difference in goals between organizational departments like Sales, Finance and HR?
Sales focus on revenue, finance on cost-cutting, HR on employee satisfaction.
What is the difference between an open and closed system?
Open systems interact with the environment, closed systems do not.
What was Max Weber’s main concept regarding organizations?
Bureaucracy and rational-legal authority
What kind of strucutre can be described as: Organization grouped by products, services, or geographic regions?
Divisional structure
What are the four approaches to effectiveness values?
Goal approach, resource-based approach, internal process approach, strategic constituencies approach
What is the relationship between organizational size and structure?
Larger organizations tend to have more formalized and complex structures, while smaller organizations are more flexible.
What are the five basic parts of an organization according to Mintzberg?
Top Management, Middle Management, Technical Support, Administrative Support, Technical Core
What is the difference between mechanical and natural system design?
Mechanical is rigid and hierarchical, natural is flexible and adaptive.
What kind of structure can be describe by Dual reporting relationships, combining functional and product divisions?
Matrix structure
What are the key differences between programmed and non-programmed decisions?
Programmed decisions are routine and structured, while non-programmed decisions are complex and require judgment.
How would you call the model of decision making when organizations make decisions through bounded rationality and satisficing?
Carnegie Model
What are the contextual and structural dimensions of an organization? List min. 3 of each.
Contextual: Culture, Environment, Goals and Strategy, Size & Technology
Dimensions of structure: Formalization, Specialization, Hierarchy of authority, Centralization, Professionalism, Personnel ratios
What are Miles and Snow’s four strategy types?
Prospector, Defender, Analyzer, Reactor
How does an organization's structure relate to efficiency vs. learning?
Mechanistic structures support efficiency, organic structures support learning.
What are the steps in the rational approach to decision making?
Identify problem, generate alternatives, evaluate, choose, implement, evaluate outcome.
How would you call a decision making model in which decision-making is chaotic & decisions occur when problems, solutions, and participants align randomly?
Garbage Can Model