Periodic Trends
What are the periodic trends for bond length?
Bond length increases from left to right and top to bottom
What is the molecular shape of an atom with 3 groups around it? What is the bond angle
Trigonal Planar (120o)
What are moved in resonance structures?
ONLY ELECTRONS
Which bonds share electrons?Which bonds transfer electrons
Covalent bonding: electrons are shared
Ionic Bonding: Electrons are transferred
What is a node?
region where there is no probability of finding an electron
What are the periodic trends for electronegativity?
Electronegativity increases from left to right and from bottom to top
What is the molecular shape of an atom with 3 groups around it along with a lone pair?What is the bond angle?
Trigonal Pyramidal (107o)
Why are resonance structure more stable?
Spreading charges over two or more atoms stabilizes the ion
Define nonpolar/pure covalent
Electrons are evenly shared
What happens when atomic orbitals combine?
They generate molecular orbitals which allow for lower energy state for electrons
Bond length increases from left to right on the periodic table. Does the bond length of resonance structure change with each resonance structure?
No
What is the molecular shape of an atom with 4 groups around it?What is the bond angle?
Tetrahedral(109.5o) which is symmetrical
What is formal charge?
Valence electrons- #non-bonding electrons- # bonds
Define polar bonds
Electrons are not shared evenly
What happens in constructive interaction?
Atomic orbitals are added to each other
Write the electron configuration chart and determine the electron configuration for Nitrogen
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p 3d
4s 4p 4d 4f
1s22s22p3
What describes the spatial relationship of bonds on adjacent atoms?
Dihedral angle or torsional angle
What are the partial charges for each atom in HCl?
Hydrogen is partially positive while Cl is partially negative. Cl is the more electronegative atom so it has a stronger attraction to electrons
What does dipole moment measure
Measures uneven electron distribution in a compound containing covalent bonds
What happens in deconstructive interaction?
Atomics orbitals are substracted
Which elements can exceed an octet?
Elements in the third row and below
What is the molecular shape of an atom with 2 groups around it with two lone pairs?What is the bond angle?
Bent(105o)
What is atom connectivity?
how atoms in a molecule are connected
Which of the following has the shortest bond length? Single bonds, Double bonds or Triple Bonds
What is bond order?
Triple Bonds, bond length decreases with increases bond order
Number of covalent bonds between atoms
What is the difference between x-ray crystallography and electron diffraction?
BONUS: What is microwave spectroscopy?
x-ray crystallography is the atomic arrangement of SOLIDS while electron diffraction is the atomic arrangement of GAS
BONUS: When molecules absorb microwave radiation to reveal structure