Chapter 9: Cell Structure & Function
All organisms are made of ___________.
cells
An organism's ability to function is tied to the amount of _______ it has.
energy
What happens in cellular respiration?
Glucose is converted into energy.
Where does photosynthesis happen in plant cells?
in the chloroplasts
What "chemical" is released when you use opioids or meth/amphetamines? It is known for the substance of "seeking pleasure".
Dopamine
What is the function of an organelle?
An organelle performs specific jobs within a cell.
What is metabolism?
Metabolism is the process in which nutrients are broken down.
Where is the electron transport chain located in the mitochondria?
The inner membrane
What is the function of leaves in plants?
Leaves capture sunlight for photosynthesis.
What do you "build up" if you have to take substances in higher and higher doses every time?
Tolerance
What organelle do many ribosomes attach themselves to?
The endoplasmic reticulum
What is the most important organic compound produced in an organism?
Glucose
What is the function of ATP synthase?
ATP synthase creates ATP.
What is the function of roots in plants?
Roots gather water and minerals for the plants.
What are the symptoms called that you experience when you stop taking a substance that you're addicted to?
Withdrawal
What is the function of the mitochondria?
The mitochondria create the energy for the cell.
What organisms undergo photosynthesis?
Plants, algae, and some bacteria
What is the byproduct of fermentation in bacteria?
Ethanol
ATP stands for __________ __________.
Adenosine Triphosphate
How can you ensure certain substances are not present in your drugs?
Test strips
What organelle allows plants to create their glucose?
Chloroplast
What is the process by which glucose is converted into energy?
Cellular respiration
The electron transport chain, chemiosmosis, and the creation of water are together called _________ ____________.
oxidative phosphorylation
What is starch made of?
Starch is made of chains of glucose molecules.
What substance has the most dangerous withdrawal effects?
Alcohol