Colligative properties
Equilibrium
Thermodynamics
Kinetics
Electrochemistry
100
Which solution has the highest freezing point: 0.1 m NaCl, 0.1 M CaCl₂, or 0.1 M glucose?
NaCl
100
For an exothermic reaction, how does increasing the temperature affect the equilibrium?
Their concentrations don’t change during the reaction; they are considered constant.
100
100: What is the sign of ΔS when a solid dissolves in water?
Positive — increased disorder.
100
What plot gives a straight line for a first-order reaction?
ln[A] vs. time
200
Explain why an exothermic reaction can be non-spontaneous.
If ΔS is very negative and T is high, ΔG can still be positive.
200
If the E°cell for a reaction is negative, what can you say about the spontaneity?
The reaction is non-spontaneous under standard conditions.
300
What is osmotic pressure, and how does it relate to colligative properties?
Osmotic pressure is the pressure needed to stop solvent flow through a semipermeable membrane. It increases with the number of solute particles — a colligative property.
300
What happens to the solubility of AgCl when NaCl is added to the solution?
Solubility decreases due to the common ion effect (Cl⁻ is added, shifting equilibrium left).
300
What is the change in entropy of the system when 1 mol of ice melts melts at 0°C (273 K)?
Give your answer in J/mol*K
22.0 J/mol*K
300
What even are standard reduction potentials?
The Voltage generated (or required) to pass electrons from a hydrogen gas electrode to the electrode on the table. They are considering cells containing 1 M of ion solution at 1 atm.
This gives you a standard to see which way electrons will flow when any two electrodes are connected.
400
Will a precipitate form if [Ba²⁺] = 1.0 × 10⁻³ M and [SO₄²⁻] = 1.0 × 10⁻⁴ M? (Ksp of BaSO₄ = 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰)
Q = (1.0 × 10⁻³)(1.0 × 10⁻⁴) = 1.0 × 10⁻⁷ > Ksp ⇒ Yes, a precipitate forms
400
How many grams of copper are plated out when 2.00 A of current is passed for 1.50 hours through a Cu²⁺ solution?
(Molar mass of Cu = 63.5 g/mol, 1 Faraday = 96,485 C/mol e⁻)
1 Faraday is the charge carried in one mol of electrons
3.55g
500
Balance the following redox reaction in basic solution: 
What is the sum of all the coefficients in the solution.
ANSWER: 16
700
The rate constant doubles when temperature increases from 298 K to 308 K.
If the reaction is 0 order, how much time in seconds does it take to go from 0.46 M of reactant to 0.1M when the frequency factor is 2 at this new temperature.
700
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