Pre-Teaching
What are two things that you need to do before teaching?
Identify reinforcers
Build Rapport
This occurs after the instruction and before a response to increase the likelihood that a client will engage in a correct response
What is the most invasive prompt?
Full physical
What is a task analysis?
A method to teach a skill that involves several different steps
During an error correction, should you provide the SD before prompting?
YES
Why do we build rapport?
To make the child like us, to make it more likely that they will do what we want them to do, etc.
Describe differential reinforcement
Providing more reinforcement for independent responses compared to prompted responses
What is a prompt?
Any additional cue provided besides the SD that increases likelihood that client will engage in correct response
SD: Let's draw a square
Using a forward chain, teach client to draw a square
Steps: 1) Draw top line, 2) Draw bottom line, 3) Draw left side, 4) Draw right side
Target step: #3
Provide SD
Allow independence for steps 1 and 2, prompt step 3 and stop
Provide praise
Demonstrate the RTRP error correction for touching a pen in an array of a pen, a panda coaster, and a toy car
SD: "Touch pen"
Provide SD
Incorrect response ---> remove items, turn body away, put the items back down, provide instruction, prompt immediately
Neutral feedback
What are some ways to build rapport?
Doing funny, interesting things, playing with things the client likes, tickles, etc.
When do you error correct?
Immediately after the client makes a mistake
Use a 0-second prompt delay and a partial physical prompt to prompt client to touch nose
SD "Do this" + therapist touches own nose
SD
Immediately partial physical prompt
Praise
Using a total task, teach client to draw a monster
SD- Draw a monster
Steps: 1) draw circle face, 2) draw two square eyes, 3) draw angry eyebrows, 4) draw large oval mouth, 5) draw three triangle teeth inside mouth
Mastered steps: Draw two square eyes
Provide SD
Prompts step 1, allows independence for step 2, prompts steps 3-5
Provide praise!
How long after the client makes a mistake should you wait to provide an error correction?
You should error correct immediately
Make a funny face that you may use to get a child to like you
Group votes on whether this is worth 400 points
Explain the logic behind prompt delay procedures
Immediate prompting at beginning of teaching blocks errors from occurring and gradually increasing amount of time between instruction and prompt allows client time to correctly respond
Prompt client to clap hands using a model prompt at a 3-second prompt delay
SD: "Clap your hands"
Provide SD
silent count "one one-thousand, two one-thousand" and prompt by modeling clapping
Praise!
Using a backward chain, teach client to draw a house
SD: "Draw a house"
Steps: 1) Draw square, 2) Draw rectangle door, 3) Draw roof
Mastered steps- drawing roof
Target step- draw rectangle door
Provide SD
Does not require client to complete step 1. Prompts step 2, allows independence for step 3
Provide praise
Use a 'no, prompt' error correction for the question "What is your name?"
SD: "What is your name?"
(Incorrect response) --> Say "No", redeliver SD, prompt correct response immediately
Make the loudest fart noise you can
You get 3 chances
Group votes on whether that was worth 500 points
This method teaches a skill that is a series of steps by teaching the last step first, and then teaches earlier steps in the chain after the last step is mastered
What is a backward chain task analysis?
Describe 3-step prompting
1) Tell- provide instruction, wait 3-5 seconds for compliance
2) Show- provide instruction again and model or gesture prompt, wait 3-5 seconds for compliance
3) Do- provide physical prompts to complete task
During a behavior chain, each step in the chain functions as a ___________ for the step that was immediately before it in the chain
What is a reinforcer?
Come to the front of the room and demonstrate the 'Step Back' error correction for a task analysis.
Task: Draw a dog
SD: "Draw a dog"
Teaching method: Forward Chain
Steps: 1) Draw oval body 2) Draw neck, 3) Draw head, 4) Draw ears, 5) Draw tail
TBD