Chapter 1: Basic Nutrition and Health
How many calories per gram are in fat/lipids?
9 kcal/gram
What is the RDA for protein for women?
0.8g/kg
What protects the stomach from damage caused by HCl (hydrochloric acid)?
mucus
What type of plant starch cannot be digested by humans?
Fiber
What are the building blocks of lipids?
fatty acids
List the energy-yielding nutrients.
Carbohydrates, fats, proteins
What is the AMDR for protein?
10-35% of total calories
What do each of these enzymes do?
Protease=_____________
Amylase=_____________
Lipase=______________
Protease= breaks down proteins
Amylase= breaks down carbs
Lipase= breaks down lipids
What condition occurs because of there is a lack of the lactase enzyme?
lactose intolerance
liver
What is the gold standard for epidemiological research?
randomized controlled trials
What is the recommended amount of physical activity per week?
150-300min
What is the danger zone temperature range for bacterial growth?
40F-140F
What is the storage form of carbohydrates in humans?
glycogen
What substance is produced to help emulsify fats during digestion?
bile
What is the storage form of lipids in the human body?
triglycerides
The DGAs recommend ____________ of saturated fat per day?
<10% of total kcal
What are the 3 accessory organs of the GI tract?
pancreas, liver, and gallbladder
What is the first site of carbohydrate digestion in the digestive tract?
Mouth (salivary amylase)
After being absorbed into enterocytes, fats must be packaged inside ____________ and travel in the ____________ to reach the liver for distribution around the body.
chylomicrons, lymph
Calculate the total kcal of this Clif Bar:
Fat: 6g
Saturated Fat: 2g
Carbohydrate: 43g
Fiber: 5g
Protein: 10g
Calcium: 45mg
Iron: 2mg
266kcal
Name all five categories included in MyPlate.
Grains, Vegetables, Fruits, Protein, Dairy
What is the name of the sphincter connecting the stomach to the small intestine?
pyloric sphincter
What are the enzymatic products of the digestion of sucrose by sucrase?
glucose + fructose
What are the lipoproteins found in the body?
Chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, and HDL