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100

This structures function is to contract to move urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

What are the ureters?

100

This structure is where urine pass through prior to entering the ureters

What is the renal pelvis?

100

These two findings can be attributed to hyperkalemia.

What is muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias?

100

This is the most common predisposing factor in bladder cancer and renal cell carcinoma

What is smoking?

100

Nephrotic syndrome that is not caused initially by kidney disease.

What is secondary nephrotic syndrome?

100

This is an assessment finding in nephrotic syndrome.

What is proteinuria and frothy urine?

200

The kidneys are protected by the rib cage and extend from the _________ vertebra to the ________ vertebra.

What is 12th (T12) to the third lumbar (L3)?

200

This is a triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra.

What is the trigone?

200

Kussmaul respirations develop in metabolic acidosis to _______________________.

What is compensate for acid-base imbalance?

200

Both tumor types can metastasize to various organs via the blood stream, and both cancers seem to spread to bone and liver.

What is kidney and bladder cancer?

200

_________ is chronic renal failure caused by a lack of development of one of the kidneys

What is Renal aplasia?

200

Symptoms of glomerulonephritis include _____, ______, and ____.

What is gross hematuria, edema, and hypertension?

300

This structure is shorter in women, starts at the bladder neck and carries urine from outside the body.

What is the urethra?

300

The portion of the male urethra that is closest to the bladder is the _____ portion.

What is prostatic?

300

In this stage of Chronic Kidney Disease there is evidence of metabolic waste in blood as shown by lab changes, and the patient will start to have increased output of dilute urine.

What is Stage 2?

300

This affects children between ages of 3 and 7 years old.

What is acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (ASPGN) ?

300

In this disease the cysts enlarge within the kidney, stretching the capsule resulting in pain and heaviness.

What is polycystic kidney disease?

300

In glomerulonephritis with deposition of immunoglobulin IgA in the glomerular capillaries, client should be monitored for this.

What is hematuria?

400

This structure is the outer layer of the kidney that houses the glomeruli.

What is The cortex ?

400

These 4 things places a client at risk for acute kidney injury.

What is History of liver disease, hypertension, hospitalization, and recent surgery?

400

These medical conditions are predisposing factors for chronic kidney disease.

What is Heart failure, coronary artery disease and prior kidney disease?

400

In cystitis, blood in the urine originates as the infection invades into and irritates the ___________________________.

What is bladder wall, it becomes ulcerated and bleeds?

400

These are s/s consistent with Wilms' Tumor.

What is hematuria, metastasis to the lungs, unilateral abdominal mass?

400

this is where a Wilms' tumor can be found.

What is the kidneys?

500

_______ is considered the functional unit of the kidney, with one million of them existing in one kidney. They pass urine into the collecting ducts.

What is the nephron?

500

Systemic diseases such as lupus and lymphoma, Infection such as pyelonephritis, and Certain drugs such as NSAIDS, penicillin, and cephalosporins are examples of _______________________

What is interstitial causes of acute kidney injury?

500

A fixed ________ of 1.010 indicates ______________.

What is specific gravity; renal tubular damage?

500

In chronic kidney disease, an increased risk for urinary tract infection related to a __________ and ________________.

What is decreased flow of urine and oliguria?

500

Glomerulonephritis could be caused by ____.

What is poststreptococcal infection?

500

 Most common cause of acute renal failure in a child is _______

What is hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)?

600

The renal systems primary functions are to ____________,_________ and ____________.

What is excrete waste products, regulate volume of extracellular fluid and regulate concentration of extracellular fluid?

600

This is dependent on pressure and blood flow through the kidneys. When blow flow is decreased, this is also decreased, resulting elevated BUN, altered electrolytes, and metabolic acidosis.

What is Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

600

In this stage of chronic kidney disease the renal reserve starts to decrease but there are no symptoms.

What is Stage 1?

600

In uremic gastritis there is spontaneous bleeding can occur with severe uremia and may include ________________.

What is GI Bleed?

600

This condition is where the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the pen is.

What is hypospadias?

600

This is the retrograde flow of urine from the urinary bladder into the ureters that is the cause of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs)

What is Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)?

700

This is a condition in which the liquid portion of the blood (plasma) is excessively low and is often due to vomiting, diarrhea, and polyuria.

What is Hypovolemia ?

700

These 3 things are examples of causes of ureteral obstructive in postrenal acute kidney injury.

What is stenosis, blood clots and kidney stones?

700

This is the classic sign in stage 5 of chronic kidney disease. The kidneys’ tissue is irrevocably damaged and can no longer filter urea and other toxins out of the body.

What is uremia?

700

UTIs are more common in ________ and affect ________people annually.

What is females; 6 million?

700

This condition is where the urethral opening is located behind the glans and can cause constant dribbiling of urine in an infant.

What is anterior epispadias?

700

_________ is experiencing urine reflux from the urinary bladder into a grossly dilated ureter and calyces.

What is grade IV vesicoureteral reflux?

800

Excess hemoglobin and myoglobin cause __________ by crystallizing, causing damage to the tubule epithelial cells, and blockage of tubules, leading to _________.

What is destruction of intrarenal structures; renal vasoconstriction?

800

In ___________, a partial occlusion of one or both renal arteries leads to persistent stenosis, resulting in hypoperfusion of the kidney with decreased filtration rate.

What is renal artery sclerosis?

800

An elevation in this electrolyte causes life-threatening arrhythmias.

What is potassium?

800

pyelonephritis symptoms include : ______, ______, _______, ____.

What is flank pain, hematuria, fever & chills & N/V?

800

An infant with this syndrome is born with wide-set eyes, parrot-beak nose, low-set ears, and receding chin.

What is Potter syndrome?

800

this is associated with a Wilms' Tumor

What is aniridia?

900

Hypertension, heart failure, pulmonary edema, and pericardial effusion are all results of this manifestation of the oliguric phase.

What is hypervolemia?

900

As the urinary system is blocked, typically by a stone or tumor, this occurs which can ultimately lead to kidney failure.

What is hydronephrosis?

900

These are the main causes of CKD

What is HTN & Diabetes mellitus?

900

These 4 things can cause an increased BUN.

What is infection, kidney disease, GI bleeding, and excessive muscle breakdown?

900

The life expectancy of infants who are diagnosed with bilateral renal agenesis is expected to be ______.

What is only a few hours?

900

this is incontinence in children.

What is primary enuresis?

1000

This Tubular components' function is to reabsorb water & sodium from the urine to produce more concentrated urine. 

What is the loop of henle?

1000

This Tubular components' function is to regulate sodium, potassium, calcium, & phosphate.

What is the distal tubule?

1000

This Tubular components' function is to filter blood.

What is glomerulus?

1000

This Tubular components' function is to reabsorb water

What is the collecting duct?

1000

Increased BP, ischemia & necrosis of parts of the kidney are pathophysiological effects of ________ on the kidneys. 

What is malignant nephrosclerosis?

1000

Infectious bacteria enters the urinary system through ________ and ________.

What is the urethra and through the blood stream?

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