GI
Name one possible cause of left lower quadrant pain
Constipation hernia ovarian cyst, ectopic pregnancy, bowel obstruction, IBD, kidney stone
Diagnostic test for anemia
CBC, Bone marrow biopsy, Echocardiogram, ECG, fecal occult blood test, vitamin b12 level, folic acid level
Type of CHF that is often caused by HTN and Left ventricular hypertrophy.
Diastolic dysfunction heart failure. Inability for the ventricle to relax, decreased filling during diastole (relaxation).
Main difference between T1 and T2 diabetes
Insulin deficient vs resistance.
Name one post renal cause of acute kidney failure
BPH, kidney stone, Cancer, uterus
Mechanism of action of antacids
neutralize acids in stomach, increases LES presssure
help with GERD not treat
Anemia due to acute blood loss triggers what process in the body?
Hypoxia-->kidney release erythropoietin->bone marrow make RBCs
Kidney release renin-RAAS
ADH release
Clinical manifestations of right-sided heart failure
JVD, Splenomegly, hepatomegly, decreased renal perfusion when standing, noctoria, pitting edema, weakness, fatigue
levothyroxine
Risk factor for Chronic Renal disease
HTN, DM, Genetic
Most potent H2 receptor blocker
Famotidine Pepcid
What is the treatment for iron deficiency anemia? and one nursing consideration when giving?
What is purpose of using a vasodilator for CHF?
decrease workload of cardiac muscle
What is a nursing intervention for blood sugar below 70?
Glucogon-hyperglycemic agent if unconscious
if conscious 15gm carbohydrate repeat sugar in 15min
Lab test to diagnose stage of kidney failure?
GFR, increases in stage 1, reduction 60-90 Stage 2, 30-50 stage 3, 15-29 stage 4, less than 15 stage 5.
Nursing education related to PPI
Mask symptoms of GI cancer
Combined with antibiotics for Hpylori
Gerd-used only 8 weeks
Wean off do not abruptly stop
Treatment for Macrocytic anemia
Vitamin B12 injections to increase reticulocyte count
Digoxin (cardiac glycoside) what is the action of this drug?
Positive inotropic effect- Increases the squeeze or contraction of the heart muscle.
increases renal blood flow (diuretic effect)
Slows conduction of AV node dec HR.
What is the only insulin you can give IV?
Regular Insulin
Name one Pathophysiology consequence of kidney dysfunction.
Accumulation of waste
Anemia
Hyperkalemia
AcidBase imbalance
Hypocalcemia
RAAS
How does a stimulant laxative (bisacodyl, senna, glycerin suppository) work?
Increasing motility through irritating the mucosa and increasing water in the stool.
Releases prostaglandins and cAMP. Increases smooth muscle contractions and electrolytes which stimulates peristalsis
What type of anemia presents with pancytopenia, petechiae and ecchymosis and usually seen in people who do not eat meat?
Macrocytic anemia (big cells)
Name one drug used as a treatment in CHF that reduces remodeling of the heart
Beta blockers
ACE Inhibitors
ARBs
hydralazine + nitrates
Entresto
Nephritic syndrome presents with hematuria (cola urine)
Nephrotic syndrome presents with proteinuria