Pharm Basics
This part of a medication actually performs the desired action.
What is the active ingredient?
This alpha-2 antagonist is commonly used to reverse dexmedetomidine.
What is atipamezole (Antisedan)?
Apomorphine
A drug reaction caused by a dose that is too high, an overdose, or drug buildup is called this.
What is a toxic effect
This type of fluid contains water, electrolytes, and sometimes a buffer.
What is a crystalloid?
This describes what happens to a drug after it enters the body.
What is pharmacokinetics?
This Class III antiarrhythmic changes cardiac electrical activity and is used for arrhythmias that don't respond to other medications.
What is amiodarone?
What is naloxone
A patient experiences vomiting after receiving a medication at its normal therapeutic dose. This is an example of what?
What is an adverse drug reaction?
These three major types of crystalloid fluids are classified according to their tonicity.
What are hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic?
This term describes using a medication in a way or species for which it is not specifically labeled.
What is extra-label drug use?
This drug blocks acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors and can be used to increase heart rate.
What is atropine?
Acepromazine
This type of reaction is unexpected and is not a known or expected effect of the medication.
What is an idiosyncratic reaction?
Urine, vomiting, and diarrhea are examples of these measurable fluid losses.
What are sensible/ongoing losses?
The liver is the major site of this process, which chemically changes many medications.
What is biotransformation/metabolism?
This hormone promotes free-water retention by the kidneys and can increase blood pressure through smooth muscle effects.
What is vasopressin?
Pralidoxime (2-PAM)
Tissue necrosis occurs because an injectable medication extravasated into surrounding tissue. Is this a toxic effect or an adverse drug event?
What is an adverse drug event?
A patient has heart disease. Why would you need to be especially cautious when administering IV fluids?
Because overhydration can worsen cardiac failure
This measurement compares the effective dose with the lethal dose and helps describe a medication's margin of safety.
What is the therapeutic index?
A dog was sedated with dexmedetomidine and now needs to be rapidly reversed. This drug would be appropriate.
What is atipamezole?
Amiodarone
Which is generally more dangerous: a drug with a wide therapeutic margin or a drug with a narrow therapeutic margin?
What is a narrow therapeutic margin?
This type of fluid contains larger molecules that remain in the intravascular space longer than crystalloids.
What is a colloid?