Principles of Drug Action
The concentrated dose of Albuterol.
What is 2.5 mg/ 0.5 mL?
This is the primary structural unit of the nervous system, consisting of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.
What is a neuron?
This structure is commonly known as the windpipe and connects the throat to the lungs.
What is the trachea?
This device is handheld and delivers a measured dose of medication in the form of a fine spray, commonly used for asthma treatment.
What is a metered-dose inhaler (MDI)?
This "Queen of Pop" is known for hits like "Like a Virgin" and "Material Girl."
Who is Madonna?
A drug that mimics the action of a naturally occurring substance at a receptor is called this.
What is an agonist?
This neurotransmitter, found in the neuromuscular junction, triggers muscle contraction by binding to nicotinic receptors.
What is acetylcholine?
This term refers to the amount of air a person can inhale and exhale with each breath.
What is the tidal volume?
This neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic nerve terminal and binds to receptors on the muscle cell to initiate contraction.
What is acetylcholine?
Pedro Pascal plays the title role in this Star Wars spin-off series.
(What is The Mandalorian?)
This type of inhaler uses a propellant to deliver the medication in a fine mist, and often requires coordination to activate during a slow deep inhalation.
What is an MDI?
This division of the PNS is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and redirecting blood flow to muscles.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
This large skeletal muscle plays a key role in breathing by contracting and relaxing to allow lung expansion and contraction.
What is the diaphragm?
This type of aerosol device uses a mist to administer medication and is often preferred for patients who have difficulty using inhalers.
What is a nebulizer?
This singer shocked the world with her halftime performance at Super Bowl LVII while pregnant.
Who is Rihanna?
This term describes a drug's ability to bind to a receptor but produce no response, effectively blocking the receptor.
What is an antagonist?
This type of nerve fibers transmit sensory information from the skin, joints, and muscles to the central nervous system.
What are afferent fibers (or sensory neurons)?
This is the name of the serous membrane that surrounds the inner chest wall.
What is the parietal pleura.
This handheld device uses powder form medication that is activated by the patient’s inhalation, offering an alternative to aerosolized liquid treatments.
What is a DPI ?
Nelson Mandela was elected the first Black president of this country in 1994.
What is South Africa?
This process involves the removal of a drug from the body, primarily via the kidneys, but also through the lungs and feces.
What is elimination?
This protective layer of fatty tissue surrounds axons in the central nervous system, aiding in faster transmission of electrical impulses. Is is produced by which glial cell?
What are oligodendrocytes?
This is the term for the tiny hair-like structures that line the respiratory tract and help move mucus and foreign particles out of the lungs.
What are cilia?
This enzyme, responsible for breaking down acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, is often inhibited by medications like neostigmine to reverse the effects of neuromuscular blockers.
What is acetylcholinesterase?
The Super Bowl trophy is named after this legendary coach.
What is the Vince Lombardi Trophy?
A decrease in drug effectiveness over time due to repeated exposure is known as this.
What is tolerance?
This term refers to the specialized synaptic connection between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite or cell body of another neuron.
What is a synapse?
A condition in which a person’s breathing is irregular, usually characterized by shortness of breath and rapid breathing.
What is tachypnea?
These molecules are responsible for the breakdown of catecholamines.
What are MAO & COMT?
This ancient wonder of the world was located in Egypt and still stands today.
What is the Great Pyramid of Giza?
This term describes a drug interaction in which the effect of one drug is enhanced by another drug, resulting in a stronger response than if each drug were used alone.
What is potentiation?
This physiological process refers to the transmission of electrical signals along the axon, involving the movement of sodium and potassium ions.
What is an action potential?
The lack and or production of this lipid based molecule contributes to a dramatic increase in surface tension and drop in lung compliance.
What is surfactant?
This phase of pharmacokinetics involves the chemical alteration of the drug by enzymes in the liver, often resulting in a more water-soluble form for excretion.
What is metabolism?
Known as "The Sultan of Swat," this legendary slugger hit 714 career home runs.
Who is Babe Ruth?
The predominate receptor category in the parasympathetic nervous system.
What are cholinergic receptors?
This type of conduction, which occurs in myelinated axons, allows action potentials to travel more quickly by "jumping" from one neurofibril node to the other. This node is also known as the...
The nodes of Ranvier.
This condition is characterized by the collapse of the lung due to the loss of negative pressure in the pleural cavity, often following trauma or disease.
What is a pneumothorax?
This term describes the time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the bloodstream to decrease by half.
What is half life?
The Boston Tea Party protested this British law in 1773.
What is the Tea Act?
This class of drugs is used to block the effects of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, commonly used to treat bradycardia and as pre-anesthetic agents.
What are anticholinergics?
This region of the brain is involved in autonomic functions like heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure, and is located in the brainstem.
What is the medulla oblongata?
The hemoglobin molecule binds oxygen in the lungs, but it releases it in tissues with a lower pH. This phenomenon is known as the...
What is the Bohr Effect?
This concept in pharmacodynamics is used to describe a drug's ability to block and or inhibit a receptor.
What is antagonism?
The Berlin Wall fell in this year, marking the end of the Cold War era.
What is 1989?
This term refers to the percentage of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation unchanged after administration, and is affected by factors like first-pass metabolism.
What is bioavailability?
Acetylcholine, released in the neuromuscular junction, triggers muscle contraction by binding to this type of receptor.
What are nicotinic receptors?
The ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) ratio describes the relationship between the amount of air reaching the alveoli and the amount of blood reaching the alveoli. In regions of the lung with low ventilation but normal perfusion, this condition is known as ___?
What is a shunt?
This type of drug interaction occurs when one drug increases the effect of another, typically by affecting its metabolism or excretion.
What is a synergistic effect?
This U.S. president delivered the Gettysburg Address in 1863.
Who is Abraham Lincoln?