pharyngeal muscles
pulls rear pharyngeal wall forward assist levator veli palatini inclosing velum and constricts upper pharynx for swallowing
superior pharyngeal constrictor
1. phonation
2. oral and nasal airflow
3. shape sounds
1. larynx
2. velum
3. mandible/jaw, lips, tongue position
hearing energy flow from eardrum TO ossicles TO cochlea TO auditory nerve
acoustic TO mechanical TO electrochemical
muscle innervated by facial nerve and when contracts it rotates and pulls stapes back to stiffen chain
stapedius muscle
spiral shelf that separates scala tympani and scala vestibuli and width is opposite to basilar membrane(thinner to wider) AND helicotrema as apex
osseous spiral lamina
constrictor muscle that reduces the diameter of the oropharynx
middle pharyngeal constrictor
source=?
filter=?
filter=vocal tract(large=low freq)
collector of sound that is processed in the middle ear and cochlea, prominence of the ear
pinna
muscle inervated by trigemnial nerve that pulls malleus forward
tensor tympani
openings of bony labyrinth
1. round window(communicates between scala tympani and middle ear)
2. oval window(communicates between scala vestibuli and middle ear space)
3. cochlear aqueduct(connects upper duct and subarachnoid space
cricopharyngeal controls opening to esophagus AND thyropharyngeal constricts lower oropharynx and laryngopharynx
inferior pharyngeal constrictor
rate, loudness, speech sounds produced in different ways, size of oral cavity
speech production
s shaped, terminates at TM, amplifies high frequency sounds
external auditory meatus
bony structure of inner ear ythat contains perilymph and contains osseous vestibule, osseous semicircular canal, osseous cochlear labyrinth and membranous laabyrinth
osseous bony labyrinth
contains vestibular organ with ampullae, utricle and saccule(up/down)
membranous labyrinth
elevates the lateral pharyngeal wall
salpingopharyngeus
position of the articulators
somatosensory
oval shaped, 3 layers(outer continuous with EAM, mid=fibrous tissue, inner continuous with middle ear) and pars tensa is fibrous tissue
tympanic membrane
part of bony labyrinth that contains proprioceptive systems(semicircular canal) where posterior one involves saying "yes"
osseous vestibular space
-tube placed between scala tympani and vestibuli
-contains endolymph
scala media
assists in elevating and opening the pharynx
stylopharyngeus
largest ossicle, attaches to TM along manubrium and head articulates with body of incus
Malleus
part of bony labyrinth that contains a cochlear canal that resembles a coiled snail shell that wraps around 2 3/4 times before reaching apex AND contains modiolus(core)
osseous cochlear labyrinth
part of basilar membrane that amplifies high frequency sounds and is thinner
the THIN BASE