Non-Vascular and Seedless Vascular Plants
This group of non-vascular plants includes mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
Bryophytes
These seed-producing plants have "naked seeds," meaning their seeds are not enclosed within a fruit
Gymnosperm
Fungi are ____ because they obtain nutrients by absorbing organic material through their environment
Heterotrophs
This term refers to the process of when a zygote undergoes mitotic division
This is the dominant life stage for non-vascular plants
Gametophyte
These plants, characterized by enclosed seeds within ovaries, dominate the plant kingdom and include everything from tiny herbs to towering trees.
Angiosperm
This substance helps strengthen the cell walls of fungi
Chitin
This is considered the first multicellular stage of animals and is the product of multiple events of cleavage
Blastula
This is the dominant life stage for seedless vascular plants
Sporophyte
This structure allows plants to disperse their offspring over long distances and survive harsh conditions
Seed
Fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually through this method
Spores
This is the process of embryo infolding which forms the endoderm and ectoderm
Gastrulation
Vascular plants contain these cells that conduct water and have lignin cell walls
Xylem
This term is used to describe the structure that eventually gives rise to the female gametophyte after mitosis
This describes the symbiotic relationship between fungi and plants, where the fungi contribute to the plant's nutrient uptake and the plant provides the fungi with carbohydrates
Mycorrhizae
This germ layer develops into an animal's circulatory system, muscle, bone, and organs. Animals without this germ layer do not have these body components
Mesoderm
This term is used to describe seedless vascular plants which contain only bisexual gametophytes
Homosporous
This derived trait of angiosperms leads to the formation of an zygote (2n) and endosperm (3n)
Double Fertilization
This structure forms the mycelium and is used for growth/nutrition acquisition in multicellular fungi
Hyphae
This term refers to the body cavity lined on both sides by mesoderm found in many animals, providing space for internal organs to move and function
Coelom