People
Culture and Place
Processes
Natural Systems
Bushfires
Human Environment Interactions
100

What is the movement of people from rural areas into cities?


Urbanisation

100

The sum total of the knowledge, attitudes, and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of a society.

Culture

100

The majority of the world's population that is involved in agriculture is involved in what type of agriculture?

Subsistence farming

100

Name all the Earth's systems

Atmosphere, Biosphere, Lithosphere, Hydrosphere

100

What are the three elements of the fire triangle?

Oxygen, fuel, heat

100

These trap heat energy and re-radiate it back into the earth's atmosphere.

Greenhouse gases

200

What is globalisation?

The integration of global economics, industries, markets, culture and policies making around the world through a global network of trade, communication, immigration, and transportation.


200

What is place?

Place  is used to describe a specific location: a physical environment, a building or locality of special significance, or a particular region or location. The term can be used for locations at almost any geographic scale, depending on context

200

What is infrastructure?

all the structures associated with utilities (water, electricity, gas, telecommunications) and transport (road, rail, water)

200

What are all the different parts in the atmosphere? (In order)

Troposphere 

Stratosphere 

Mesosphere

Thermosphere

200

What type of natural hazard is a fire?

Atmospheric

200

What is the Anthropocene Epoch?

Unofficial geologic time interval characterized as when humanity began to substantially alter Earth's surface.

300

A model that shows historical changes in birth and death rates and is used to explain rapid population growth.

The demographic transition model

300

Name at least FOUR features that create culture of place

  • Architecture

  • Streetscape

  • Noise

  • Colour

  • Lifestyles

  • Histories

    • Indigenous cultures

    • Cultural diversity

    • Street life

    • Energy

    • Vitality 

300

What is a TNC? Name at least 2 examples

Transnational Corporation

  • Nestle.
  • Apple.
  • Microsoft.
  • Shell.
  • Nike.
  • Amazon.
  • Walmart.
  • Sony.
300

What are the six steps of the water cycle.

Explain them

evaporation, condensation, precipitation, interception, infiltration, percolation, transpiration and runoff.

300

What are four factors that influence the severity of the fire/the course of the fire?

  • Amount of rainfall

  • Wind

  • Humidity

  • Temperature

300

List four pieces of evidence for climate change

Rising Global Temperatures

Rising Sea Levels

Ocean Acidification 

More Extreme Weather Events

Glaciers Retreating

Ice Caps Melting

400

What four factors influence birth and death rates?

  1. Education and status of women

  2. Standard of living

  3. Government policy

  4. Religion, society and customs

400

Is the culture of a place dynamic or static? 

Dynamic - give an example

400

Why infrastructure is not spread evenly around the world?

  • Geography: Natural features like mountains, rivers, and coastlines can impact the placement of infrastructure.

  • Economic Factors: Wealth of a place or country and economic activities in an area can influence the development of infrastructure.

  • Population Density: The number of people in an area can affect the need for and distribution of infrastructure.

  • Government Policies: Government decisions and policies play a role in determining where infrastructure is built.

400

How does topography affect climate and rainfall?

An area’s landscape can significantly alter the wind and precipitation patterns, resulting in diverse microclimates. 

Mountain ranges act as barriers, influencing the direction and strength of winds while affecting the distribution of precipitation. Canyons, on the other hand, can channel and amplify winds, leading to powerful gusts. The altitude of mountains and plateaus exposes them to cooler temperatures, which can impact the overall climate of the region. 

Additionally, coastlines and bodies of water can create microclimates, with regions closer to the water experiencing milder temperatures and more moisture.

400

Explain what a crown fire is

A forest fire that spreads from treetop to treetop. It often advances at great speed from crown to crown, well in advance of the fire on the ground


400

What are the two types of land cover change?

Give examples of each

Human:

  • Deforestation

  • Urbanisation

Natural:

  • Non-anthropogenic climate change

  • Geophysical processes

  • Plant Succession

  • Fire

  • Pests

500

A stage within the DTM model that exhibits low death and birth rates related to improving economic conditions.

 Stage 3 on the DTM

500

What are the suburbs which make up Green Square?

Zetland and parts of Alexandria, Waterloo, Beaconsfield and Rosebery

500

What caused an explosion in world trade after the 1950s?

Advances in transport

Telecommunication based technologies: internet, phones, fax

500

How do catchment run offs affect rivers?

Change in soil/surface storage - inputs eroded material, nutrients, organic matter

Run-off mostly is caused by precipation and the way it enters the river can depend on soils, vegetation cover, natural processes and land management

500

Name the four common bushfire mitigation strategies

prescribed burning

mechanical clearing, such as slashing, thinning and mowing

chemical control or spraying, through both on-ground and aerial delivery

grazing by animals.

500

Why does deforestation occur? List at least THREE

Make way for agriculture, animal grazing, accomodate urban expansion, provide wood for fuel, construction and industrial processes

600

What is a developing country?

A low‐income country with an economy that is largely based on agriculture, which may be going through the demographic transition, is often in the process of industrialization, and usually has few resources to spare to solve its own socio‐economic and environmental problems.

600

Outline the culture of Green square

Industrial and agricultural

Lower class changing to middle class

Upcoming and new

Housing Commission

Terrace houses

Mix of ethnicities

Hipster

600

What is the difference between a world city and a megacity?

Megacities are classified by size (population over 10 million) whereas world city status is based on economic and political factors.

600

What is the asthenosphere

A physical layer of the Earth that lies below the lithosphere. It comprises part of the mantle between 100km and 250km in depth.

600

What was the federal and state response to the bushfires?

Federal Govt: established a royal commission into the bushfires. It contained 80 recommendations, categorised into Commonwealth and State or Territory responsibilities

State: established an independent expert inquiry into the 2019-2020 bushfire season. The inquiry made 76 recommendations 

600

What is desertification?

Desertification is a type of gradual land degradation of fertile land into arid desert due to a combination of natural processes and human activities. The immediate cause of desertification is the loss of most vegetation. 

700

Explain how India's population is different to Italy's using example

India: High birth rate


Italy: Low birth rate

700

What is gentrification? Name a suburb that has been affected by it (NOT IN GREEN SQUARE)

The process whereby the character of a poor urban area is changed by wealthier people moving in

Redfern, Mascot, Little Bay, The Rocks

700

What is cultural imperialism and which country is the most guilty of this and what is an example of it?

The process whereby one country/region imposes its own culture on other countries/regions to reshape the receiver's culture.

USA

Impact of USA technologies - Apple, Microsoft, Google, Meta, Uber, Amazon

Popular culture - Film and music, Fashion

Food - Macdonalds, KFC, Burger King, Coca Cola


700

Explain the difference between mountains formed by folding and those formed by faulting

Fold: when two tectonic plates of the Earth’s crust collide, they fold over each other and form fold mountains.

  • Fold mountains stretch for long distances but have a narrow width.
  • Fold mountains typically have a concave slope on one side and a convex slope on the other.
  • Fold mountains are typically found along continental margins that face oceans 

Fault:Fault block mountains are formed when large blocks of rock are moved along a fault line, while folded mountains are formed when layers of rock are compressed and bent into folds by the forces of plate tectonics.

  • Block mountains are also known as fault-block mountains because they are formed by faulting caused by tensile and compressive forces.
700

How do fires make their own weather? What is the name of the cloud that they create?

The fire releases enormous amounts of heat causing air to rise rapidly in the smoke plume. If a fire encompasses a large enough area (called “deep flaming”), the upward movement of hot air can cause the fire to interact with the atmosphere above it, potentially forming a pyrocloud. This consists of smoke and ash in the smoke plume, and water vapour in the cloud above.

pyrocumulonimbus clouds

700

What percent of glaciers have melted?

68%

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