Infection
What are antiinfectives
used to prevent or treat infections caused by pathogenic organisms
Broad Spectrum
effective against a wide range of bacteria (both gram - & +)
What is the antidote for penicillins?
Epinephrine
what generation are they?
5
The presence and growth of microorganisms
colonization
Bacteriostatic
- inhibits growth of bacteria
What are the nursing considerations?
(What can the drug cause?)
GI upset (n/v, diarrhea)
Allergies (rash)
Decreased platelet count
nursing considerations
Administer with caution to neonates due to immaturekidney function age and weight should be considered with dosing (children too) Elderly have increase in adverse effects because ofdecreased renal function. Require dosage change with renal impairment. Adverse reactions: hypersensitivity & superinfections(c-diff) Aminoglycosides, Lasix, & Vanc increase nephrotoxicity
What are the sterile areas of the body
heart, liver, musculoskeletal system, bladder
(S)- Susceptibility
(R)- Resistant
- Abx is appropriate to prescribe
- Abx is ineffective for microorganism
Teachings involved
Take most PCN’s on an empty stomach. Take med 1 hourbefore or 2 hours after eating. Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid)-take with foodincrease absorption & decrease GI upset. Take with a full glass of water. Do not take with acidic juices they will decrease absorption. Complete the full course of drug. Liquid- Shake well, discard liquid after 1 week (room temp)& 2 week (fridge) Report s/s of allergic reaction immediately
patient teachings
Take most oral doses with food or milk to prevent stomachupset. Report the occurrence of diarrhea, especially if it is severe orcontains blood, pus, or mucus. Cephalosporins can cause antibiotic-associated colitis, and the drugmay need to be stopped. Do not take Cefaclor, cefdinir (Omnicef), or cefpodoxime (Vantin)with antacids. Do not take while breastfeeding Oral or vaginal candidas can occur
How much can a CAUTI increase a hospital stay by
$4,694- $29,743
Empiric therapy
Rx based on estimate of the most likely pathogens given presenting s/s & siteof infection as well as community events
Name penicillin combination drugs
Combination drugs are Augmentin (Amoxicillin/clavulanate) Zosyn (Piperacillin/Tazobactam)
Where do these drugs reach maximum concentration
kidneys and liver
Describe the HOUDINI process
H- Haematuria
O- Obstruction
U- Urology surgery/ gyno or perineal surgery
D- Decubitus ulcer
I- I and Os
N- Nursing end of life care
I- Immobility
Serology
identifies infectious agents indirectly by measuring the antibody level (titer) in theserum of an infected host.
before prescribing ampicillin or other penicillins for strep infections what should be done
culture and sensitivity tests
what drugs increase the effects of cephalosporins
aminoglycosides
entecavir
furosemide
nimodipine
vancomycin