what four elements make up protein
CHON
What are non- essential amino acids
they can be manufactured by the body
how is a peptide link formed?
when 2 amino acids join together
What is the primary structure?
Primary structure is the order or sequence of amino acids in protein chains.
What is denaturation and what causes it to happen?
A change in the nature of a protein chain.
Heat chemicals agitation
proteins are large molecules made up of......
What are proteins made up of
amino acids
how many essential & non essential amino acids are there?
20
what happens in the 1st stage?
The COOH (acidic) group of one amino acid reacts with the NH2 (basic) group of another.
what is the secondary structure?
Secondary structure involves the folding of the primary structure of proteins into definite shapes.
What is maillard reaction?
Non enzymic browning of food due to a rand sugars under a dry heat.
Draw the basic structure of an amino acid
H
NH2 C COOH
R
how many essential amino acids do kids need ?
all 10
what happens in the 2nd stage?
The COOH (acidic) group loses an OH group. The NH2 (basic group) loses a hydrogen (h) atom. The hydrogen (H) atom and the OH group join together to form a water (H20) molecule that is lost.
Name the 2 types of bonds in the secondary structure
Disulfide & hydrogen
Give an example of denaturation by heat
Eggs coagulating at 60 and 68 degrees
Name the groups of the amino acid structure
carbon
amino/basic
carboxyl
variable/changing
how many essential amino acids do adults need?
8
What happens in the 3rd stage?
The result is a CO-NH bond. This new molecule is called a dipetide.(two amino acids joined together). When more than 20 amino acids join together, a polypeptide is formed. When more than 50 amino acids join together, a protein is formed. Each protein consists of one or more polypeptide chains.
What is the tertiary structure?
Involves the folding of the secondary structure of proteins into three-dimensional shapes.
Give an example of maillard reaction
roast potatoes
biscuits
toast
What are essential amino acids and give an example
cannot be manufactured by the body, they must be supplied by the diet/obtained from food
Valine,Lysine,Leucine,Isoleucine,Phenylalanine, Methionine,Threonine,Tryptophan,Histidine (children),Arginine (children)
Name the 2 essential amino acids children need but adults don't
histidine & arganine
Draw the stricture of the 3rd stage
H O H
NH2 C C N C COOH
R H R
H20
Name the two types in the tertiary structure
Fibrous & Globular
Give an example of denaturation by chemicals