Carbohydrates
What is the carbohydrate ratio?
1 : 2 : 1
1 carbon : 2 hydrogen : 1 oxygen
What are lipids soluble in?
Lipids are soluble in non-polar solvents
What are the two types of nitrogenous base
Blood sugar levels are controlled by?
The hormone Insulin
What is the color of a positive test for the ELISA test?
Green
"Carbohydrate" can be broken into 3 root words: what are they?
Carbo- (carbon)
-hydr- (water)
-ate (forms names of chemical substances)
Lipids are better at storing __________ than carbohydrates
Lipids are better at storing ENERGY than carbohydrates
What bonds make up the "backbone" of DNA?
Phosphodiester Bonds
What are the two options when blood sugar increases?
What does the signal peptide facilitate the transport of?
Preproinsulin
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate? Give 2 examples
monosaccharides (ribose, glucose, galactose, fructose, deoxyribose)
Name one lipid functional group + the chemical formula
Carboxyl!! (COOH)
What bonds connect the anti-parallel lines of nucleotides?
Hydrogen Bonds!
What is the different causes from Type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Type 1 happens when you are a child and Type 2 is due to environmental factor and lifestyle choices
What hormone is released and by what part of the body when blood glucose levels are extremely low?
glucagon
alpha cells of pancreas
What is an isomer? Give an example
Isomer - have the same chemical formula but different structures
ex - glucose and galactose (C6H12O6)
What type of bonds form between lipids?
Ester Bonds!!!
In a nucleotide sample the percentage of cytosine is 10%. What is the percent of the other bases?
Guanine is 10%; Adenine is 40%; thymine is 40%
List the 4 main steps of the ELISA test.
CAP, Patient sample, DET, SUB
What might happen in the long run of Type 1 diabetes?
Lead to ketoacidosis --> diabetic coma or death
What is the definition of a functional group?
Is a specific grouping of atoms in a molecule that determine chemical behavior
What do lipids signal in the cell (4)?
They can sense extracellular conditions such as environmental stresses, temperature changes, salinity, and pathogen attacks
Come to the board and draw a nucleotide! Make sure to add the 3 most important parts
check!
What happens in type 1 diabetes?
Draw the 4 functional groups of carbohydrates.
ketone
aldehyde
carbonyl
hydroxyl