Sleep Disorders
What is sleep Apnea?
Frequent gaps of air during sleep, this causes bad sleep
what's the name for when voluntary responses are controlled by there consequences
Operant conditioning
what is primary and recency effect
primary effect- easy to remember things in the beginning
recency effect- easy to remember things at the end
what is cryptomnesia
when you think something is a new idea but it is not a new idea.
What is sleep restriction?
"making do" with less sleep than needed
What is Narcolepsy
Excessive day time sleepiness, sudden attacks of drowsiness, rem sleep during waking hours, no warning of attacks last up to 10-20 min,
Who pioneered Operant learning and what did he create
Skinner - the skinner box
what is serial potential effect
when recall is better for things in the beginning or end (of a list) than if they are in the middle.
what is a flash bulb memory and are they reliable
a vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events, they are net reliable or accurate
what is source confusion
recalling something as familiar but unsure of where you originally encountered it.
what is the difference/ definition of insomnia, hypersomnia, and parasomnia
Insomnia- hard time falling/staying asleep
hypersomnia- too much sleep ( mostly during the day)
Parasomnia - abnormal events during sleep
What the name for when a stimulus (anything in environment) evokes a response originally evoked by another stimulus
Classical Conditioning
what is the best way to get something into our LTM
Semantic encoding - knowing what something means
what is memory distortion and where are they commonly created
people having false memory, they are commonly created in therapy
what are the 2 types of reinforcement and describe them and explain the pros and cons of using them.
continuous reinforcement - every time a response is displayed, reinforcement given
pros- quick learning if no delay
cons- time and labor intensive- pick extinction
partial reinforcement- only some responses are followed by reinforcement
pros- less time and labor intensive, slower extinction
cons slower learning
What are the 2 most common parasomnia's (Hint:Both are more common in children than adults)
Sleep walking and Night terrors
Who pioneered classical conditioning and what was his experiment
Pavlov - physiology of digestion, dogs - ring bell gave food- bell ring salivation started
Atkinson Shiffrin created a 3 component middle of memory. Describe the 3 components and what they do.
1- Encoding ( putting something into memory ) --> 2- storage (maintaining something in memory) --> 3- retrieval (recover from memory)
structural encoding-
phonemic encoding -
semantic encoding-
structural encoding- how something looks
phonemic encoding - how something sounds
semantic encoding- what something means
what are the 4 conditions that apply while using punishment.
1- apply swiftly (right when it happened)
2- just sever enough (more is not better)
3- must be consistent (can't be okay sometimes, be consistent)
4- explain why your punishing
What is cataplexy
Abrupt loss of muscle control that makes person go limp, very uncommon
describe....
-positive reinforcement
-positive punishment
-negative reinforcement
-negative punishment
-positive reinforcement (giving something pleasant)
-positive punishment(giving something Unpleasant)
-negative reinforcement (Taking away something unpleasant)
-negative punishment (Taking away something pleasant )
Interference is defined as people forgetting information because of competition from other material. There are 2 types of Interference what are they and what is the definition.
type 1- retroactive : new information interferes with retention to old information
type 2- proactive : old information interferes with retention of new information
when talking about STM, how long does it last, how many items can you hold, what is it vulnerable to, and what does it require?
last 20 seconds, can old +/- 4 items, its vulnerable to distraction and it requires rehearsal
Explain The sleep cycle/5 stages of sleep.
Stage 1- (4%-5%) light sleep, Muscle activity slows down, occasional muscle jerks (Hymnic jerks)
Stage 2- (40%-50%) Breathing and heart rate slow down, slight decrease in body temp, sleep spindles (Brain wave pattern)
Stage 3- (4%-8%) Deep sleep begins, Delta brain waves
Stage 4- (12%-15%) Very deep sleep, rhythmic breathing, limit muscle activity, and Delta brain waves
Stage 5- (20%-25%) Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM sleep), Brain waves speed up, dreams happen here, muscles relax, could look like waking.